Question

Explain two types of water erosion

Answer 1

Sheet erosion is the removal of soil particles by water drops and surface flow. Sheet erosion can be hard to detect but can be extremely damaging. Uncovered soil with little to no vegetation is the most susceptible. Sheet erosion can be reduced by increasing vegetation to slow water flow and help increase infiltration.

Rill erosion is the next step in the progression it consists of channels smaller than 30cm deep. Once again it can be combated with methods that reduce the amount and speed of water flow and increase inflitration such as cultivating grasses or adding contoured drains.

Gully erosion consists of channels greater than 30cm. Conservation practices outlined above can become very difficult to implement because of the upslope cutting of rills and more pronounced slopes can make it much harder to establish vegetative cover. A headcut might be an option to help mitigate erosion damage in this stage as it helps  prevent further upstream damage. 

Answer 2

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Soil Erosion➫ The removal of top layer of the soil by the action of wind & rainfall is called soil erosion.

♦ This is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms.

❱ This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents like:-

♦ Water
♦ Ice
♦ Snow
♦ Air
♦ Plants
♦ Animals
♦ Humans

➧ Types of Erosion are:-
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[1] Splash Erosion:-

❱ The first stage in the Erosion process.
Splash Erosion results from the bombardment of the soil surface by rain drops.

[2] Sheet Erosion:-

❱ The uniform removal of soil in thin layers by the forces of raindrops & overland flow.

[3] Rill Erosion:-

❱ The removal of soil by concentrated water running through little streamlet.

[4] Gully Erosion:-

❱ The removal of soil along drainage lines by surface water runoff.

➧ Causes 0f Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Water

❱ Winds

❱ Glacier

❱ 0ver Grazing

❱ Human Activities

➧ Factors that cause Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Rainfall

❱ Topography

❱ 0vergrazing

❱ Deforestation

❱ Human Activities

❱ Presence of 0rganic Materials in Soil

➧ Measures to Prevent Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Strip Farming

❱ Soil Rotation

❱ Soil Stabilisation

❱ Terrace Farming

❱ Vegetation Cover

❱ Controlled 0ver-Grazing

➧ Effects 0f Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Landslides

❱ Flash Floods

❱ Desertification

❱ Loss of soil fertility

❱ Silting of Rivers & Lakes

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