Explain types of topology
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A Topology of the network defines the manner in which the network devices are arranged and connected to each other in a network. It defines the shape of communication network. There are five common types of network Topologies.
Bus TopologyRing TopologyStar TopologyTree TopologyMesh TopologyBus Topology/ Linear Topology
In a bus topology a single main cable connects each node (computers) which allows single line of computers accessing it from end-to-end. each node is connected to two others except those in end. The network operating system keeps track of a unique electronic address for each node in the network, and manages the flow of data based on this addressing scheme. This topology is often found in a client / server systems, where one of the machines on the network is designated as file server.
In linear bus topology, all computers are connected by a single length of cabling with a terminator at each end. the bus topology is the simplest and most widely used network design.
Bus networks are the most common LANs. they have no switches, and in their simplest form, no repeaters, but simply share a common linear communication medium. Each station requires a tap (hardware for attachment to the medium), which must be capable of delivering the signal to all stations in the bus.
The data is sent in packets, and each station hears all the transmissions, picking up those addressed to it.
Advantages of Bus Topology
Most bus networks have the advantage of being passive i.e all the active components are in the stations or nodes, and a failure affects only that one node.It does not require all the computers to be up and running in order for network to function.Disadvantages of Bus Topology
Because single cable is dedicated to all the computers the performance can suffer at time because of heavy traffic.There is a distance limitation in bus topology. After certain length of cable the performance of the Bus network degrades.Ring Topology/ Circular Topology
In ring topology the computers are arranged in a circle. Data travels around the ring in one direction, with each devise on the ring acting as a repeater. Ring Networks typically use a Token Passing Protocol.
The layout is similar to linear bus, except that the nodes are connected in a circle using cable segments. In this layout, each node is connected to only two others. Each node passes information along to the next, until it reaches at its intended destination.
The ring topology is usually found in peer-to-peer (PCs connected in pairs) networks, in which each machine manages both information processing and distribution of data files.
In ring topology type LAN architecture a series of devices are connected to one another by unidirectional transmission links to form a single closed loop. Both token ring/ IEEE 8019.5 and FDDI networks implement a ring topology.
Advantages of ring topology
Performance is good because each portion of cabling system is handling the data flow between two nodes (machines) only.They do not have distance limitations as in Bus topology (difference between Bus and ring topology).They can take advantages of fiber optic cables to speed up the performance, because only two machines are involved in packet exchange at a time.Disadvantages of Ring Topology
Since all the nodes or computers are involved in data transfer, the failure of single node can bring whole network to the halt.The ring control mechanism required to determine as to who should start up the ring, to determine that the packets are not corrupt, and to prevent the same packet to go around the ring because of network fault. Some Ring LANs need to deploy special computer to monitor this issue.
Bus TopologyRing TopologyStar TopologyTree TopologyMesh TopologyBus Topology/ Linear Topology
In a bus topology a single main cable connects each node (computers) which allows single line of computers accessing it from end-to-end. each node is connected to two others except those in end. The network operating system keeps track of a unique electronic address for each node in the network, and manages the flow of data based on this addressing scheme. This topology is often found in a client / server systems, where one of the machines on the network is designated as file server.
In linear bus topology, all computers are connected by a single length of cabling with a terminator at each end. the bus topology is the simplest and most widely used network design.
Bus networks are the most common LANs. they have no switches, and in their simplest form, no repeaters, but simply share a common linear communication medium. Each station requires a tap (hardware for attachment to the medium), which must be capable of delivering the signal to all stations in the bus.
The data is sent in packets, and each station hears all the transmissions, picking up those addressed to it.
Advantages of Bus Topology
Most bus networks have the advantage of being passive i.e all the active components are in the stations or nodes, and a failure affects only that one node.It does not require all the computers to be up and running in order for network to function.Disadvantages of Bus Topology
Because single cable is dedicated to all the computers the performance can suffer at time because of heavy traffic.There is a distance limitation in bus topology. After certain length of cable the performance of the Bus network degrades.Ring Topology/ Circular Topology
In ring topology the computers are arranged in a circle. Data travels around the ring in one direction, with each devise on the ring acting as a repeater. Ring Networks typically use a Token Passing Protocol.
The layout is similar to linear bus, except that the nodes are connected in a circle using cable segments. In this layout, each node is connected to only two others. Each node passes information along to the next, until it reaches at its intended destination.
The ring topology is usually found in peer-to-peer (PCs connected in pairs) networks, in which each machine manages both information processing and distribution of data files.
In ring topology type LAN architecture a series of devices are connected to one another by unidirectional transmission links to form a single closed loop. Both token ring/ IEEE 8019.5 and FDDI networks implement a ring topology.
Advantages of ring topology
Performance is good because each portion of cabling system is handling the data flow between two nodes (machines) only.They do not have distance limitations as in Bus topology (difference between Bus and ring topology).They can take advantages of fiber optic cables to speed up the performance, because only two machines are involved in packet exchange at a time.Disadvantages of Ring Topology
Since all the nodes or computers are involved in data transfer, the failure of single node can bring whole network to the halt.The ring control mechanism required to determine as to who should start up the ring, to determine that the packets are not corrupt, and to prevent the same packet to go around the ring because of network fault. Some Ring LANs need to deploy special computer to monitor this issue.
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