Explain Unguided Media and discuss its types: • Radio wave • Microwave • Infrared
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Answer:
Types of Unguided Transmission Media
Radio Transmission
Microwave Transmission
Infrared Transmission
Radio Transmission
The radio waves are the low-frequency electromagnetic wave ranging from ‘3 kHz to 1GHz’. As the radio waves are the low-frequency waves, they can penetrate walls and you can receive signals even if you are inside the building. But this property of radio wave, prevent you from isolating communication inside and outside the building.
The radio waves are propagated in sky mode and are omnidirectional which means that the source transmitter transmits the radio wave in the sky and they are reflected from the sky and received by the receiving antenna.
For radio transmission, the source transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are not required to be aligned to each other. As radio transmission uses sky propagation the signal can be broadcasted over a long distance.
Being omnidirectional in nature the radio waves can face issues such as interference if another transmitting antenna is also sending a signal with the same frequency or bandwidth.
Microwave Transmission
The microwave is the electromagnetic waves with frequency ranging from ‘1 to 300 GHz’. The microwaves are unidirectional in nature and due to which it propagates in line-of-sight mode. In line-of-sight propagation, the source transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna needs to aligned to each other in such a way that they must be facing each other which enables point-to-point transmission.
The microwave transmission can be classified into two types:
Terrestrial Microwave Transmission
In terrestrial microwave transmission, the transmitting and receiving antenna both are fixed on the ground and the signal wave is transmitted using the line of sight propagation mode. It is mostly used for telecommunication.
Satellite Microwave Transmission
In satellite microwave transmission the electromagnetic wave is transmitted by the source transmitting antenna (earth station) which is received by satellite which amplifies the signal and rebroadcast it to the receiver antenna (earth station). Satellite microwave transmission is mostly used for television, long-distance telecommunication, and global positioning system.
Infrared Transmission
Infrared wave is the high-frequency wave ranging from ‘300 GHz to 400 THz’. The infrared transmission uses line-of-sight propagation and thereby is used for short-distance communication.
As the infrared transmission is the high-frequency waves, they cannot penetrate the wall so you can easily differentiate the communication going on inside the building and the communication outside a building. In this way, there are no chances of interferences.
The most popular example of infrared transmission that we daily come across is your remote that you use to operate AC, television, music system, etc. The remote emits infrared waves which are received by the television and according to perform the action.
Well, as the frequency of the electromagnetic wave rises and we move from radio wave toward the visible light, the electromagnetic wave behaves more like a light.
When it comes to security the infrared waves are more secure as there is no chance of eavesdropping because the infrared wave does not even penetrate the wall. Therefore, you do not even require a license to use infrared transmission.
So, these all are types of unguided transmission media. We have also learnt about the modes of propagation that provides the way to the electromagnetic wave to travel from source to destination.
Explanation:
Terrestrial Microwave transmission is a technology that transmits the focused beam of a radio signal from one ground-based microwave transmission antenna to another.