Question

Explain why carbon forms a compound mean by covalent bond mainly by Covalent bond .explain in brief two main reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds .why does carbon form strong bonds with most other element.

Answer 1

Carbon has only four valence electrons and in order to get the nearest inert gas configuration it either has to accept four electrons or lose four electrons. But here there is lot problem it cannot do any of that because of it accepts four electrons then it's nucleus cannot hold that much and if it loses it requires a lot of energy which it lacks that is why it goes for sharing of electrons.

The two reasons are

1.Catenation- Its a property of carbon to make a long no. of constant carbon chain and it is a reason for such a large no.of carbon bonds

2.Tetravalency- As mentioned have it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of any element of carbon itself.

The main reason of strong bonds is tetravalency and Catenation.

I hope it helps u

Answer 2

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Carbon has four electrons in their outermost
shell i.e. valance shell. So to achieve stability , the carbon atom want to either donate their 4 valance electrons to get electronic configuration of enert element Helium(He, Z=2) or to gain 4 electrons to get electronic configuration of enert element Neon(Ne,Z=10).

BUT it is not possible for an element to
gain 4 electrons or donate 4 electrons.
To remove 4 electrons from the valance shell of an atom , a great amount of ionisation energy is required which can't be given by atom of any elements.
Therefore, due to these reasons carbon atom can't form ionic bond or electrovalent bond. But carbon atoms can achieve the inert gas electronic configuration only by the sharing of electrons.
Hence , carbon always forms covalent Bond or covalent compound with different elements.

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☆ Catenation property :-

The self linking property of an element due to which it forms a long chain of their atoms is called catenation property.
This is because a long chain of carbon atoms act as a backbone to which other atoms can attach in a number of ways to form a very large number of carbon compounds (or organic compounds).

☆ Tetravalency :-

Carbon has a valency of four. So, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.

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There are mainly four reasons why carbon can form strong bonds with most other elements and two of them I already discussed above:-

1) Tetravalency :- Carbon has 4 valence electrons in its valence shell therefore it can easily form covalent bonds.

2) Isomerism:- Carbon can form compounds which have the same molecular structure but different structural formula.

3) Small size:- Carbon has a small atomic radii therefore the nucleus can hold the shared pairs of electrons firmly.

4) Catenation:- carbon has a unique ability where it can form strong covalent bonds between atoms of itself.