Question

explain why the electronic shell or k shell of an atom has low energy as compared to the shell which was far from nucleus ​

Answer 1

Since moving away from the nucleus, in presence of force of attraction, needs work to be done it gets stored in form of potential energy. So the far away you are from the nucleus the more energy you have.

One ambiguous thing here becomes the minus part. Since the energy is not released, rather borrowed from environment while leveling up, it's given a minus sign. (if electron were to jump down from upper levels it would loose energy and the absolute value of its energy will increase!). Hence the minus really plays a significant role.

The order of increasing energy of shells is

K L M N...

Now, for making it more clear: (look at the bullet points as if you were approaching from far away towards the nucleus, here's what you would encounter)

At ∞ → Energy 0

…..

N shell → -1

M shell→-2

L shell →-3

K shell →-4

You see what I mean?  

Since -4 is less than -3; K shell has lesser energy than L shell.

Note the actual values are not -1,2,3.. It was for ease to explain. You must know there are formulae that help you calculate the energy of any level of any atom.

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