Explain with examples (i) Atomic number, (ii) Mass number, (iii) Isotopes and iv) Isobars. Give any two uses of isotopes.
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Explanation:
(i) Atomic number: The atomic number is the total number of protons present in the atom. For example, the atomic number of Mg is 12. ... For example, the atomic number of Lithium is 4 which is equal to the number of protons.
(ii) Mass number: Mass number: It is the sum of the number of neutrons and the number of protons. For example, the atomic number of Lithium is 4 which is equal to the number of protons, the number of neutrons of magnesium is 4. The mass number is equal to 8(4+4).
(iii) Isotope : The definition of an isotope is an element with similar chemical make-up and the same atomic number, but different atomic weights to another or others. An example of an isotope is Carbon 12 to Carbon 13.
(iv) Isobars: Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. An example of a series of isobars would be ⁴⁰S,⁴⁰Cl, ⁴⁰Ar, ⁴⁰K, ⁴⁰Ca.
☞Uses of isotopes: An isotope of uranium acts as a fuel in nuclear reactors. In the treatment of cancer, an isotope of Cobalt is used.