Explain with four examples the increasing role of women in public.
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Women in India as we know has undergone social discrimination since age-old times.Several efforts have been made by the social activists sine 19th century to uplift the status and condition of women in society. Thy have raised issues of women education,women rights etc.Even after independence,the Indian Constitution has given women equal rights in all he spheres of the society.The Parliament has also enacted laws from time to time to provide women with equal opportunities and status.
Moreover,the government has instituted various policies which have improved job opportunities for women.The law of inheritance was also amended and women got equal rights in inheritance of property.Womn are also given reservations in jobs and education so that they can lead a dignified life.
But, inspite of all these legal provisions, the status of Indian women in India still needs improvement.There are instances of social evils like dowry, child marriage, infant mortality,sexual harassment and rape etc.Apart from this, there are cases of economic discrimination too where men get more facilities and pay packages compared to women.So far as politics is concerned, women are always sidelined by men.Even reservations in Parliament for women was delayed.From business to politics, and bureaucracy to judiciary, women have hardly any value in responsibility and authority.
It is true that there has been improvement in the status of women today but there is a still a long way to go.The status of women can be said to have improved when there will be absolute quality in all spheres.
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Answer:
In 2015, governments unanimously endorsed the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and, through its Goal 16 on “promoting just, peaceful and inclusive societies” and Goal 5 on “ensuring gender equality and women’s empowerment,” recognized the role of gender equality and inclusive public administration and institutions in achieving more peaceful, prosperous, equal and sustainable societies.Public administration refers to the aggregate state-funded machinery, including agencies, policies and services, in charge of the management and implementation of laws, regulations and decisions of the government. It enables countries to implement national policies and programmes and is essential in driving sustainable development[1].
In many countries, public institutions continue to be male-dominated and patriarchal, perpetuating harmful, andpractices. Although there is no global baseline on women’s participation in public administration, existing research from UNDP shows that women are under-represented, especially in leadership and decision-making roles. The available data suggests that women make up on average 45% of public administration, yet there is high variation of women’s participation across countries, ranging from 3% to 77%.