Explain with neat sketch automatic gauge to determine the stage of river and also state the advantages of this gauge.
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The advantages of high density energy plantations (HDEP) in rural development are discussed. These include a continuous source of income and employment for small/marginal farmers and landless labourers, self sufficiency, soil conservation, better land utilization (e.g. using strips on field boundaries), insurance against conventional crop failure, multistorey agriculture under the plantation canopy production of straight stems, weed control, production of wood, fuelwood and other products, drought survival, and utilization of industrial waste (absorption of air pollutants, irrigation with effluents). The selection, silviculture and improvement of suitable species is briefly discussed. The important role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in promoting social forestry and acting as a bridge between forest departments and the community is outlined and suitable institutional facilities at a regional level are suggested
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