Explain with suitable examples of four processes of observational learning. How does imitation help in observational learning.
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Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. It is a form of social learningwhich takes various forms, based on various processes.The four stages of observational learning are:
Attention
Retention
Production
Motivation
Examples of observational learning include:
An infant learns to make and understand facial expressions
A child learns to chew
After witnessing an older sibling being punished for taking a cookie without asking, the younger child does not take cookies without permission
A newer employee avoids being late to work after seeing a co-worker fired for being late
A child learns to walk
A child learns how to play a game while watching others
A child shows that she has learned the basic steps of cooking a meal by doing so at a play kitchen in her classroom
A child learns a science concept by demonstration from the teacher
After watching her mother, a young girl shows she has learned how to hold a baby by walking around with the baby in her arms the correct way
An inexperienced salesperson is successful at a sales meeting after observing the behaviors and statements of other salespeople
A child shows observational learning of how to drive a car by making appropriate motions after seeing a parent driving
A young boy swings a baseball bat without being explicitly taught how to do it after attending a baseball game
A young girl watches a basketball game, then shoots hoops without being explicitly taught how to do so
Without previous experience, a child puts on roller skates and skates without being taught.
A student learns not to cheat by watching another student be punished for cheating
A girl sees another child fall on ice in front of her so she avoids stepping on the ice
A person moves to a new climate and learns how to properly remove snow from his car after watching others
A tenant sees a neighbor evicted for late rent payment and as a result consistently pays her rent on time
A new customer in a store learns the process for lining up and checking out by watching other customers
A woman in a clothing store learns the procedure for trying on clothes by watching others
A man in a coffee shop learns where to find cream and sugar by watching other coffee drinkers locate that area
A new car salesperson learns how to approach potential customers by watching others
A girl learns how to mow her own lawn by watching neighbors mowing their lawns
Attention
Retention
Production
Motivation
Examples of observational learning include:
An infant learns to make and understand facial expressions
A child learns to chew
After witnessing an older sibling being punished for taking a cookie without asking, the younger child does not take cookies without permission
A newer employee avoids being late to work after seeing a co-worker fired for being late
A child learns to walk
A child learns how to play a game while watching others
A child shows that she has learned the basic steps of cooking a meal by doing so at a play kitchen in her classroom
A child learns a science concept by demonstration from the teacher
After watching her mother, a young girl shows she has learned how to hold a baby by walking around with the baby in her arms the correct way
An inexperienced salesperson is successful at a sales meeting after observing the behaviors and statements of other salespeople
A child shows observational learning of how to drive a car by making appropriate motions after seeing a parent driving
A young boy swings a baseball bat without being explicitly taught how to do it after attending a baseball game
A young girl watches a basketball game, then shoots hoops without being explicitly taught how to do so
Without previous experience, a child puts on roller skates and skates without being taught.
A student learns not to cheat by watching another student be punished for cheating
A girl sees another child fall on ice in front of her so she avoids stepping on the ice
A person moves to a new climate and learns how to properly remove snow from his car after watching others
A tenant sees a neighbor evicted for late rent payment and as a result consistently pays her rent on time
A new customer in a store learns the process for lining up and checking out by watching other customers
A woman in a clothing store learns the procedure for trying on clothes by watching others
A man in a coffee shop learns where to find cream and sugar by watching other coffee drinkers locate that area
A new car salesperson learns how to approach potential customers by watching others
A girl learns how to mow her own lawn by watching neighbors mowing their lawns
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