Explain with the help of an example each how the following proved evidence in favour of evolution : (a) homologous organs (b) Analogous organs (c) Fossils.
Answers
Explanation:
(i)Homologous organs are defined as the organs which have same structure but different functions. For example: forelimbs of a man and a bird have same structure but they have different functions. This presence of homologous organs provides evidence that they have derived from the same structure and have same structure but different functions,
(ii) Analogous organs are the organs of organisms which have different structure of organs but have same functions. For example:wings of an insect and wings of a bird have different type of structure and performs same functions of flying. Those organs, which have different basic structure but have similar appearance and perform similar functions are called analogous organs.
(iii) Fossils are defined as the dead remains of plants and animals that lived in remote past. The remains of dead animal or plants that lived in the remote past are known as fossils. The presence of fossils proves the evolution. The example of Fossil is: A bird Archaeopteryx has many characteristics of reptiles and seems to be evolved from reptiles