explin in detail the principle,construction & working of an electric motor
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Answer;
PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRIC MOTOR:
The principle of an electric motor is based on the current carrying conductor which produces magnetic field around it. A current carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field so that it experiences a force.
CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC MOTOR:
The main components of a rotating electric motor are the stator and the rotor. The stator is the fixed part. The rotor is the rotating part.
For most electric motors the rotor is located inside the stator. Electric motors in which the rotor is located outside the stator are called inside out electric motors.
WORKING OF ELECTRIC MOTOR:
1. According to Ampere's law, a force F will act on a conductor with a current I in a magnetic field.
2. If a conductor with current I is bent into a frame and placed in a magnetic field, then the two sides of the frame, which are at right angles to the magnetic field, will experience oppositely directed forces F.
3. The forces acting on the frame, create a torque or moment of force, rotating it.
4. The armature of the produced electric motors has several turns to provide greater constant torque.
5. The magnetic field can be created both by magnets and electromagnets. An electromagnet is usually a wire wound on a core. Thus, according to the Faraday's law of induction, the current flowing into the frames will induce a current in the windings of an electromagnet, which in turn will create a magnetic field.