extraction
of acacia gum
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Answer:
Gums are polysaccharide compounds. Gum Acacia is highly nutritive. It has been proved that about 150 to 200 mg of the gum is sufficient to support an adult for a day. In the Indian subcontinent it furnishes the prime important ingredient of the nourishing food used for lactating mothers especially during the first three months of postnatal period. It is used as a binding agent in the preparation of lozenges, pastilles and compressed tablets. It is powerfully astringent in action and has been used in chronic diarrhea, dysentery, chronic catarrh to stop excessive mucous discharge and hemorrhages. It is used in bronchitis, diarrhea and dysentery. The gums and resins subsector also contributes to the local economy and to rural livelihoods. Women in particular benefit from the processing and retailing of gums and resins. The lack of modern production and processing technology means that gums and resins are collected, cleaned, sorted and graded using traditional, labour intensive processes. Gum and resin products are an important source of income for households in producing areas. Few scientific studies have been conducted on these aspects and most yield statistics for different products from different geographical regions are expert guesses, and should be treated with due caution. Yield variations are expected between species, varieties, size, age classes and across different geographical regions. Similarly, climatic conditions, edaphic characteristics and genetic differences are all expected to cause variations in yield between the same species located in different geographical regions. Therefore, considering the importance of Acacia Gum and its entrepreneur potential, present research work was carried out to study to exudation of gum from local Acacia tree and to compare its quality with other Acacia Gum and Gum Arabic. The tapping and extraction of gum was carried out at Khadiya Camp Site, Dungar Dakshin Range, Forest Department, Junagadh with the cooperation of Forest Department, Junagadh. The trees of desired diameter (< 10 cm, 10-20 cm, > 20 cm) have been selected on which an incision was made at predefined tapping (< 40 cm, 40 to 80 cm, > 80 cm ) height as per treatment by an axe. The cut was of about 40 cm in width and treated with different concentration of H2SO4 (0, 40, 60 %) to find out effect on yield and quality. The gum accumulated in width of cut was collected after 25 days once oozing started. The crude samples of gum consisted of a mixture of large and small nodules admixed with bark and organic debris. These were hand sorted to remove fragments of bark and other visible impurities and then were spreaded out in the sun to dry for a week. The yield of gum exudated under different treatments was noted for further analysis. The gum collected from the trees with specified treatment called as crude gum was than purified by straining and centrifugation for further process. The purified gum was analysed for different quality parameters like moisture content, ash content, Volatile matter content, pH, protein content, tannin content, methoxyl content, trace elements (copper, ferrous, manganese and zinc), elemental content (calcium, lead, iron, copper, potassium, strontium, phosphorus and nickel) and titratable free acidity. The experiment was carried out in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The quality of obtained gum was compared with the other Acacia gum’s quality reported by other scientists and also with the international specification of gum Arabic. From the study it was concluded that (1) To get maximum gum yield and quality from the Acacia tree at Khadiya Forest Camp Site (Dist.: Junagadh), the bark diameter should be more than 20 cm and tapping height either more than 80 cm or less than 40cm from ground level.(2) Despite a very little physicochemical differences among the gum samples, values of physicochemical parameters of obtained gum compared well with those reported in previous studies on Acacia gums in many parts of the world and international standard of gum Arabic. Therefore, there is a great potential for the exploitation and application of this obtained gum.
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