Extraction of biofuels.
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The production from biomass of chemicals and fuels by fermentation, biocatalysis, and related techniques implies energy-intensive separations of organics from relatively dilute aqueous solutions, and may require use of hazardous materials as entrainers to break …
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Biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation. Biofuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion (Figure 1, JICA, Okinawa, Japan), as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases. Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient carbon fixation, they are not considered biofuels by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been "out" of the carbon cycle for a very long time. Biofuels are gaining increased public and scientific attention, driven by factors such as oil price hikes, the need for increased energy security, concern over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, and support from government subsidies. Biofuel is considered carbon neutral, as the biomass absorbs roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide during growth, as when burnt.
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