Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

Answer: Your back is composed of twenty-four individual bones called vertebrae that are stacked one on top of the other to make up your backbone or spinal column. The entire column sits on the sacrum, a large triangular bone that connects the spine to the hips.

Answer 2

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1. Regulation of extracellular fluid volume. 

• The kidneys work to ensure an adequate quantity of plasma to keep blood flowing to vital organs.

2. Regulation of osmolarity. 

• The kidneys help keep extracellular fluid from becoming too dilute or concentrated with respect to the solutes carried in the fluid.

3. Regulation of ion concentrations. 

• The kidneys are responsible for maintaining relatively constant levels of key ions including sodium, potassium and calcium.

4. Regulation of pH. 

• The kidneys prevent blood plasma from becoming too acidic or basic by regulating ions.

5. Excretion of wastes and toxins. 

• The kidneys filter out a variety of water-soluble waste products and environmental toxins into the urine for excretion.