faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
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Faraday's law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force —a phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction
Answer:Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, also known as Faraday’s law is the basic law of electromagnetism which helps us to predict how a magnetic field would interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF). This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.
The law was proposed in the year 1831 by an experimental physicist and chemist named Michael Faraday. So you can see where the name of the law comes from. That being said, the Faraday’s law or the law of electromagnetic induction is basically the results or the observations of the experiments that Faraday conducted. He performed three main experiments to discover the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction consists of two laws. The first law describes the induction of emf in a conductor and the second law quantifies the emf produced in the conductor.
Faraday’s First Law of Electromagnetic Induction
The discovery and understanding of electromagnetic induction are based on a long series of experiments carried out by Faraday and Henry. From the experimental observations, Faraday arrived at a conclusion that an emf is induced in the coil when the magnetic flux across the coil changes with time. With this in mind, Faraday formulated his first law of electromagnetic induction as,
Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, an electromotive force is induced. If the conductor circuit is closed, a current is induced which is called induced current.
Mentioned here are a few ways to change the magnetic field intensity in a closed loop:
- By rotating the coil relative to the magnet.
- By moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field.
- By changing the area of a coil placed in the magnetic field.
- By moving a magnet towards or away from the coil.
Faraday’s Second Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s second law of electromagnetic induction states that
The induced emf in a coil is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage.
The flux is the product of the number of turns in the coil and the flux associated with the coil. The formula of Faraday’s law is given below:
ε=−NΔϕ/Δt
Where,
ε is the electromotive force
Φ is the magnetic flux
N is the number of turns
The negative sign indicates that the direction of the induced emf and change in the direction of magnetic fields have opposite signs.
Additionally, there is another key law known as Lenz’s law that describes electromagnetic induction as well.