fasting serum magnesium levels in patients with uncontrolled and controlled type 2 diabetes in relation to its complications
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Serum Magnesium Levels in Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Rajendra Prasad Parlapally1
, Katakam Rajini Kumari2
, Somasila Aruna Jyothi3
1
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India, 2
Assistant
Professor, Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India, 3
Post-graduate,
Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India
impact on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in
patients with Type 2 diabetes.2
Magnesium defi ciency has been found to be associated with
microvascular disease in diabetes. Hypomagnesemia has
been demonstrated in patients with diabetic retinopathy,
lower levels of magnesium predicting a greater risk for
diabetic retinopathy. Magnesium depletion has also been
associated with arrhythmogenesis, vasospasm, platelet
activity, and hypertension.3
25-39% of outpatient diabetics
has low concentrations of serum magnesium4
and
numerous studies have shown lower serum magnesium
concentrations in Type 2 diabetics compared to healthy
controls.5,6 The reasons why magnesium defi ciency occurs
in diabetes are not clear but may include increased urinary
loss, lower dietary intake, or impaired absorption of
magnesium compared to healthy individuals.7
Several studies have reported increased urinary magnesium
excretion in Type 1 and 2 diabetes,8-11 some reporting
a correlation between glycemic control and urinary
magnesium loss.10
Magnesium is involved in insulin secretion, binding,
and activity. Cellular defi ciency of magnesium can alter
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common
metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of
hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM are caused by a
complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors.
Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing
to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion,
decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose
production. The metabolic dysregulation associated with
DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple
organ systems, leading to microvascular (retinopathy,
nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular
(coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and
cerebrovascular disease).1
Low magnesium status has
repeatedly been demonstrated in patients with Type 2
diabetes. Magnesium defi ciency appears to have a negative
Original Article
Abstract
introduction: Magnesium defi ciency is proposed as a factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Hypomagnesemia
can be both a cause and a consequence of diabetic complications.
Materials and Methods: This study was undertaken at MGM Hospital, Warangal, from August 2014 to October 2015. A total
of 75 cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus were taken for the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The serum magnesium levels among cases and controls were 1.88 ± 0.28 mg/dl and 2.1 ± 0.29 mg/dl, respectively.
Conclusion: There was a signifi cant reduction in serum magnesium levels in diabetics compared to the controls. There was
a signifi cant correlation between magnesium levels and level of control of diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetics had a lo
Mellitus
Rajendra Prasad Parlapally1
, Katakam Rajini Kumari2
, Somasila Aruna Jyothi3
1
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India, 2
Assistant
Professor, Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India, 3
Post-graduate,
Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India
impact on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in
patients with Type 2 diabetes.2
Magnesium defi ciency has been found to be associated with
microvascular disease in diabetes. Hypomagnesemia has
been demonstrated in patients with diabetic retinopathy,
lower levels of magnesium predicting a greater risk for
diabetic retinopathy. Magnesium depletion has also been
associated with arrhythmogenesis, vasospasm, platelet
activity, and hypertension.3
25-39% of outpatient diabetics
has low concentrations of serum magnesium4
and
numerous studies have shown lower serum magnesium
concentrations in Type 2 diabetics compared to healthy
controls.5,6 The reasons why magnesium defi ciency occurs
in diabetes are not clear but may include increased urinary
loss, lower dietary intake, or impaired absorption of
magnesium compared to healthy individuals.7
Several studies have reported increased urinary magnesium
excretion in Type 1 and 2 diabetes,8-11 some reporting
a correlation between glycemic control and urinary
magnesium loss.10
Magnesium is involved in insulin secretion, binding,
and activity. Cellular defi ciency of magnesium can alter
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common
metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of
hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM are caused by a
complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors.
Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing
to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion,
decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose
production. The metabolic dysregulation associated with
DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple
organ systems, leading to microvascular (retinopathy,
nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular
(coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and
cerebrovascular disease).1
Low magnesium status has
repeatedly been demonstrated in patients with Type 2
diabetes. Magnesium defi ciency appears to have a negative
Original Article
Abstract
introduction: Magnesium defi ciency is proposed as a factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Hypomagnesemia
can be both a cause and a consequence of diabetic complications.
Materials and Methods: This study was undertaken at MGM Hospital, Warangal, from August 2014 to October 2015. A total
of 75 cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus were taken for the study after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The serum magnesium levels among cases and controls were 1.88 ± 0.28 mg/dl and 2.1 ± 0.29 mg/dl, respectively.
Conclusion: There was a signifi cant reduction in serum magnesium levels in diabetics compared to the controls. There was
a signifi cant correlation between magnesium levels and level of control of diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetics had a lo
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