Fertile regions become self-reliant in future. give geographical reasons for the following statments
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Although small island developing States collectively have the highest level of per capita foreign aid in the world, trade imbalances have widened and their economies still depend on foreign capital, rendering self-sufficiency an ever more distant goal. The economies of most island nations depend primarily on one or two sectors, making them particularly vulnerable to international market fluctuations and encouraging over-exploitation of natural resources.
The need for "sustainable development", an all-embracing concept which calls for environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable and socially acceptable development, poses dramatic challenges to small island developing States in terms of diversifying their economies, providing income and employment opportunities for their citizens and intensifying production. Population pressure and inequitable distribution of resources undermine efforts by many such countries to feed their citizens from their own resources. Introducing sustainable agricultural practices in such circumstances is problematic.
Yet action is essential to improve the contribution of agriculture, small-scale manufacturing and tourism to income and food production. Support to ancillary activities in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors could increase incomes and employment opportunities for rural communities. Integrating crop and livestock production, energy conversion of agricultural residues, agroforestry, carefully managed mangrove fisheries and forestry, the use of multipurpose trees in farming systems, and small and sustainable processing activities are examples of such activities.
Policies aimed at improving agricultural productivity and intensifying production of agricultural commodities, diversification into new products (both primary and processed) as well as developing new end-uses, can help small island developing States improve food self reliance, diversify sources of income and compete on world markets. Appropriate farming systems within rational land use plans, reforestation programmes for commercial and noncommercial purposes, the consumption of traditional foods and adoption of safe and healthy diets, and improved post-harvest handling and agro-processing techniques should be promoted through such policies.
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