Fill in the blanks and explain the statements.
a. After complete oxidation of a glucose molecules,
number of ATP molecules are formed.
b. At the end of glycolysis,
molecules are obtained.
c.
Genetic recombination occurs in -- -- -- phase of prophase of meiosis-I.
d. All chromosomes are arranged parallel to equatorial plane of cell in -- phase of mitosis.
e. For formation of plasma membrane,
molecules are necessary.
f. Our muscle cells perform -- -- -- type
of respiration during exercise.
Answers
Answer:
a.38 ATP
b.2 molecules of pyruvic acid
c.pachytene
d .metaphase
e.protein and lipids
f.anerobic respiration
Answer:
1.38
a.Complete oxidation of glucose occurs via .aerobic respiration and involves three steps, namely, glycolysis, krebs cycle and electron transfer chain.
b. During glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH2 molecules are generated.
c.During Krebs cycle, 2 ATP molecules are generated along with and NADH2 and FADH2 molecules. The NADH2 and FADH2 molecules generated through glycolysis and Krebs cycle, undergo terminal oxidation to the electron transfer chain.
d. The 10 NADH2 molecules generated yard 3 ATP molecules each, that is a total of 30 ATP.
e. The 2 FADH2 molecules generated, yield 2 ATP molecules each, that is a total of 4 ATP.
f. These 34 ATP molecules generated through the electron transfer chain, along with 2 molecules of ATP, generated through glycolysis and Kerbs cycle, from on net total of 38 ATP molecules.
therefore, the total number of ATP molecules generated through complete oxidation of glucose are 38.
2. Pyruvic acid
glycolysis is the process of oxidation of a glucose molecule in a step wise manner to produce two molecules pyruvic acid along with production of ATP, NADH2 and water.
3. Pachytene
In the Pachytene stage, recombination/ crossing over that is exchange of genetic material take place between non sister chromatids for homologous chromosomes.
4. metaphase
during metaphase, the nuclear membrane completely disappear. Chromosome complete condensation and became clearly visible along with sister chromatides. the chromosome arranged parallel to the equatorial plan of the cell. spindle fibres are formed between the centre of each chromosome and both the centrioles respectively.
5. phospholipid
phospholipids are molecules formed from fatty acid. they form the basic structure of cell membrane and are essential for the functional ability of a cell.
6. anaerobic
during vigorous exercise, there is a shortage of oxygen for energy consumption. hance anaerobic respiration occurs in muscle cell and lactic acid accumulates in the body while exercising. lactic acid accumulation is a result of the process of fermentation during which glucose is broken down by anaerobic respiration, forming organic acid.