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Answers
Question :-
Collect information about different sources of energy and write a report on the advantages and disadvantages in harnessing energy from these sources.
Answer :-
Two (mainly) Different sources of Energy :-
Conventional sources of Energy -
Sources of energy that have been in use for a very long time or have been used extensively worldwide are known as conventional sources. Eg: wood as a common source of heat energy or the usage of coal after the Industrial Revolution.
Examples: Fossil Fuels, Hydro Power
1. Fᴏssɪʟ Fᴜᴇʟs -
Fossil fuels are formed due to compression of dead organic matter over millions of years, buried deep under the earth. Eg. coal or natural gas.
Advantages -
We rely heavily on fossil fuels for most of our work.
Numerous amount of energy is produced.
Disadvantages -
Fossil fuels also produce byproducts due to combustion which causes air pollution.
Burning coal and petroleum produces harmful oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur which pollute the air leading to acid rain and greenhouse effect.
Gases emitted by the combustion of fossil fuels are the main contributor to global warming.
2. Hʏᴅʀᴏᴘᴏᴡᴇʀ Pʟᴀɴᴛ -
The falling/flowing water moves the turbine, which with the help of a dynamo converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Hydropower plants are usually constructed near dams or waterfall.
Advantages -
Generates a huge amount of electrical energy.
Causes no air pollution.
Disadvantages -
Requires a huge piece of land and displace many locally civilised people.
A huge amount of money is needed.
Stagnant water causes damage to the marine life.
Affects the rotation of Earth on its axis.
Non-Conventional sources of Energy -
1. Wɪɴᴅ Eɴᴇʀɢʏ -
Environment-friendly efficient source of energy.
Wind is the natural phenomenon caused by pressure differentials due to unequal heating of land and water masses on the surface of the earth. It is harnessed in the form of kinetic energy.
Example: Windmill
Advantages -
Environment-friendly
efficient
renewable source
no recurring cost for production of electricity.
Disadvantages -
Wind speeds should be constant and > 15 km/h.
Must have back up storage facilities like cells.
Requires large land area.
High initial cost and regular maintenance are required.
2. Sᴏʟᴀʀ Eɴᴇʀɢʏ -
Light energy and heat energy from the sun are known as solar energy.
Sun has been radiating energy from the past 5 billion years and will continue to do so at the same rate for another 5 billion years or more.
Example: Solar cooker
Advantages -
No moving parts
Require little maintenance
Can be set up in remote areas without the hassle and expenses of transmission lines.
Disadvantages -
Requires a special grade silicon which is not easily available
Usage of silver for interconnections makes it expensive.
Uses: traffic signals, calculators, artificial satellites and space probes.
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( Energy From the Sea )
The seas and oceans and other water bodies are a source of kinetic and potential energy due to the immense volume of water and the motion of waves.
3. Tɪᴅᴀʟ energy -
Advantages -
It moves the turbine which directly produces electricity.
Disadvantages -
It is limited to places near the sea.
Requires a huge amount of money and land.
4. Wᴀᴠᴇ energy -
Advantages -
Waves possess a lot of kinetic energy that can be harnessed to produce electricity.
Disadvantages -
Limited to places with strong winds.
5. Oᴄᴇᴀɴ ᴛʜᴇʀᴍᴀʟ energy -
Advantages -
The difference in surface temperatures of water and water at a certain depth in oceans is exploited to harness this form of energy.
Disadvantages -
Requires a huge investment in money.
Underwater threats
Temperature difference must be 20° between the surface and water up to depths of 2 km.
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6. Gᴇᴏᴛʜᴇʀᴍᴀʟ Eɴᴇʀɢʏ -
Advantages -
Easy to harness energy.
No pollution
Disadvantages -
Available at only few spots in India.
Heat is very dangerous.
7. Nᴜᴄʟᴇᴀʀ Eɴᴇʀɢʏ -
Advantages -
Nuclear energy can be used to generate electricity by means of nuclear fission.
In a nuclear reactor, the nuclear fuel is used to carry out sustained fission chain reaction to produce electricity at a controlled rate.
Disadvantages -
Nuclear waste is hazardous as heavy atoms decay into harmful subatomic particles.
High setup and maintenance cost
Limited availability of uranium
Can be used for destructive purposes
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