find out 2 country where people of country any type of participation in decision making
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possibility for the citizens, civil society organizations (CSOs) and other interested parties to influence the development of policies and laws which affect them. The importance of engaging the public in these processes is increasingly recognized by EU institutions, CoE and national governments. They have identified several benefits of participatory processes. Specifically, participation can help towards:
Creating fair policies/laws reflective of real needs enriched with additional experience and expertise;
Facilitating cross-sector dialogue and reaching consensus;
Adopting more forward and outward looking solutions;
Ensuring legitimacy of proposed regulation and compliance;
Decreases costs, as parties can contribute with own resources;
Increasing partnership, ownership and responsibility in implementation;
Strengthening democracy - preventing conflict among different groups and between the public and the government and increasing confidence in public institutions.
Values and Principles of Participation
In regulating the procedure for consultation institutions and organizations in Europe have highlighted several principles which guide the process. Some of those include:
Commitment;
Recognition of rights and responsibilities;
Access and clarity of information;
Continuity (ongoing);
Proper structure (coordination);
Publicity;
Transparency;
Openness and consideration;
Objectivity and equal treatment;
Resources;
Sufficient time;
Accountability for the process and result;
Acknowledgement and feedback;
Evaluation, etc.
The values that these principles aim to promote have been summarized well by the International Association for Public Participation as Core Values for Public Participation:
Public participation is based on the belief that those who are affected by a decision have a right to be involved in the decision-making process.
Public participation includes the promise that the public's contribution will influence the decision.
Public participation promotes sustainable decisions by recognizing and communicating the needs and interests of all participants, including decision makers.
Public participation seeks out and facilitates the involvement of those potentially affected by or interested in a decision.
Public participation seeks input from participants in designing how they participate.
Public participation provides participants with the information they need to participate in a meaningful way.
Public participation communicates to participants how their input affected the decision.
In addition to flagging the benefits it should be noted that ensuring participatory law making processes has own challenges too.
Governments may be pressed by deadlines to adopt certain legislation.
It may not be clear who to consult or engage; or how to do it.
Participatory processes are costly; they require investment in organizing meetings, writing comments, providing feedback.
The political context may not be supportive of public involvement.
Those who participate may not have enough understanding of the issues at stake