Question

Find some information about indian soldiers who bravely fought in the india and Pakistan war of 1965

Answer 1

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II.Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear.

Indo–Pakistani War of 1965
Part of the Indo–Pakistani wars and conflicts

Geopolitical map of Kashmir provided by the United States CIA, c. 2004
Date August – 23 September 1965
Location Western Front
Indo-Pakistani border
Line of Control, Working Boundary, Radcliffe Line, Sir Creek, and Zero-Point
Arabian sea
Eastern Front

India-East Pakistan border
Result
Indian victory


Belligerents
 India
 Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
S. Radhakrishnan
(President of India)
Lal Bahadur Shastri
(Prime Minister of India)
Gen J.N. Chaudhuri
(Chief of the Army Staff)
Lt Gen Harbaksh Singh
(GOC-in-C, Western Command)
Lt Gen P.O. Dunn
(GOC, I Corps)
Lt Gen Joginder Dhillon
(GOC, XI Corps)
Lt Gen Kashmir Singh Katoch
(GOC, XV Corps)
AM Arjan Singh
(Chief of the Air Staff)
Adm Bhaskar Soman
(Chief of the Naval Staff)
Ayub Khan
(President of Pakistan)
Gen Musa Khan Hazara
(Cdr-in-Chief, Army)
Lt.Gen Bakhtiar Rana
(Commander, I Corps)
Lt.Gen Attiqur Rahman
(Commander, IV Corps)
MGen A.H. Malik
(GOC, 12th Infantry Division)
MGen Yahya Khan
(GOC, 7th Infantry Division)
AM Nur Khan
(Cdr-in-Chief, Air Force)
VAdm A.R. Khan
(Cdr-in-Chief, Navy)
RAdm S.M. Ahsan
((Cdr. Eastern Naval Command)
Cdre S.M. Anwar
(OTC, 25th Destroyer Sqn)
Strength
700,000 Infantry
700+ aircraft
720 Tanks

186 Centurions
346 Shermans
90 AMX
90 PT-76
628 Artillery

260,000 Infantry
280 aircraft
756 Tanks

352 Pattons
308 Shermans
96 Chaffees
552 Artillery



3,000 men
150–190 tanks
60–75 aircraft
540 km2 (210mi2) of territory lost (primarily in Rann of Kutch)
Indian claims

35–59 aircraft lost In addition, Indian sources claim that there were 13 IAF aircraft lost in accidents, and 3 Indian civilian aircraft shot down.
322 km2 territory lost
Pakistani claims

8,200 men killed or captured
110–113 aircraft destroyed
500 tanks captured or destroyed
2602, 2575 km2 territory gained
1600 square miles territory gained according to Husain Haqqani
Neutral claims

3,800 men
200[8]-300 Tanks
20 aircraft
Over 1,840 km2 (710 mi2) of territory lost prmarily in Sialkot, Lahore, and Kashmir sectors
Pakistani claims

19 aircraft lost
Indian claims

5259 men killed or captured
43[21] −73 aircraft destroyed
471 tanks destroyed
3,900 km2 territory gained
India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir

Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day.