Five points of forest vegetation in Ghana
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Forest information in Ghana is relatively outdated. The information presented in this report is based on inventories and forest assessments conducted in the 1980s and 90s with the latest partial updates in 2000. Forest reservation was completed essentially by the middle of the 20th century, after which forest conservation efforts were all concentrated on the reserved areas whilst the off reserve areas were legally and intentionally converted into other land-uses notably plantation agriculture and bush fallow systems. Forest reserve boundaries were secured with remarkable success with the exception of few disputed cases but forest quality has been declining over the years. The forests of Ghana have had a long history of human disturbance and the forests condition is not judged by the absence or presence of human activities but by the degree of disturbance and the impairment of recovery to a healthy forest status. Even by this standard only half of the reserves were found to be in reasonable condition (less than 50% canopy disturbance) in 1995. At that time it was also noted that only 15% of the reserves had the lightest or no disturbance in recent history (Hawthorne and Abu-Juam 1995). Forest quality varies across the forest zone with the best conserved forests in the south-west and the most degraded towards the savannah in the north and eastward directions reflecting the combined influence of fire and logging (the most important forest degradation agents in Ghana). However, the wildlife reserves are well protected with only few signs of human induced degradation.
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