Question

Formal sanctions defined by governments as principles their citizens must follow are called

Answer 1

Answer:

Norms

principles or rules that people are expected to observe; they represent to dos and donts of society

Deviance

nonconformity to a set of norms that are accepted by a significant number of people in a community or society.

what is deviant changes from time to time and place to place

deviant subculture

heavens gate (mass suicide UFO)was a deviant subculture whose members functioned easily within a wider society, supporting themselves by running a Web site business and recruiting new members via email.

emile durkheim and deviance

By defining what is deviant we become aware of the standards we share as ,members of a society. thus we should aim not to completely eliminate deviance but keep it within acceptable limits

Kai Erickson

published Wayward Puritans, a study of deviance in the seventeenth century New England. --research concluded that a communities capacity for handling deviance, can be roughly estimated by looking at #of jail cells, hospital beds etc. societies need their quotas of deviance and they function in such a way to keep them intact

Moynihan and Deviance

America has lowered its standard fro normal to include behaviors that have otherwise been seen as abnormal. (psychiatric patients were tranquilized and released in order to have less patients in the psych ward)...not reporting crime "we get use to bad behavior"

Sanction

any reaction from others that is meant o ensure that a person or group complies with a given norm.  

Sanctions may be positive(rewards for conformity) or negative (punishment/jail)  

Informal (less organized and more spontaneous reactions to nonconformity-students being teased about being a nerd) or formal( applied to a specific group to ensure that a particular et of norms is being followed-justice system)

Law

norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow; sanctions are used against people who do not conform to them Where there are laws there are  

CRIMES- any behavior that breaks a law