Question

Formation Of The Coal Method Of Its Formation

Answer 1

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Coal formation

• Coal formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy forests where plants - giant ferns, reeds and mosses - grew.

• As the plants grew, some died and fell into the swamp waters.  New plants grew up to take their places and when these died still more grew.

• In time, there was thick layer of dead plants rotting in the swamp.  The surface of the earth changed and water and dirt washed in, stopping to decaying process.  

• Animals too died and fell, forming separate layers.  

• After millions of years many layers had formed, one on top of the other.  The weight of the top layers and the water and dirt packed down the lower layers of plant matter.

• Heat and pressure produced chemical and physical changes in the plant layers which forced out oxygen and left rich carbon deposits. In time, material that had been plants became coal.

Answer 2

Formation of coal

Explanation:

• The plant materials were accumulated in swamps broad deltas, coastal plain areas and interior basins.  
• The transformation of plant materials into coal consist in the progressive enrichment of carbon content.

• Firstly, the plant materials were buried under the ground and was saturated with water.
• This reducing water environment protected the plant material from being oxidized and destroyed.

• Now, the less resistant parts of the plant such as cellulose and starched are decomposed by bacterial action and is converted into "peat" .

• With passage of time, peat changes slowly to lignite then to bituminous and then to anthracite.
• From peat to anthracite, the amount of oxygen goes on decreasing and the amount of fixed carbon goes on increasing.