Four different thermometers were used to measure the temperature of a sample of pure boiling water. The measurements are recorded in the table below. Thermometer Temperature Reading 1 Temperature Reading 2 Temperature Reading 3 W 100.1°C 99.9°C 96.9°C X 100.4°C 102.3°C 101.4°C Y 90.0°C 95.2°C 98.6°C Z 90.8°C 90.6°C 90.7°C The actual boiling point of pure water is 100.0°C. What can be concluded from the data about the reliability and validity of the thermometers?
Answers
Four thermometers are being used to actually measure 100 degree c.
The first thermometer; The first two readings are precise and accurate but the third one deviated, so this one can't be used in serious measurements.
The second thermometer; All the three readings are precise as well as accurate. But the avg of the three is little deviated from the correct value, but with little modifications this thermometer can be used.
Third thermometer; The values have neither precise nor accurate. It's not reliable and not valid.
Fourth thermometer; The values are extremely precise but it's accuracy is too less as it deviated from the actual value almost by 10 degrees. So it's not reliable.
The first thermometer; The first two readings are precise and accurate but the third one deviated, so this one can't be used in measurements.
The second thermometer; All the three readings are precise and accurate. But the average of the three is little deviated from the correct value, but with little modifications this thermometer can be used.
Third thermometer; The values have neither precise nor accurate. It's not reliable and not valid.
Fourth thermometer; The values are precise but it's accuracy is too less as it deviated from the actual value. So it's not reliable.