Question

Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25 k or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process. Explain using a diagram

Answer 1

ꜰʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴄᴏʟᴜᴍɴ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏꜱᴛ ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴅɪꜱᴛɪʟʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴘᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴜꜱ. ᴛʜɪꜱ ᴄᴏʟᴜᴍɴ ɪꜱ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ꜱᴏᴍᴇ ɢʟᴀꜱꜱ ʙᴇᴀᴅꜱ ɪɴ ɪᴛ. ɪᴛ ʜᴇʟᴘꜱ ᴛᴏ ᴏʙꜱᴛʀᴜᴄᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜᴘᴡᴀʀᴅ ᴍᴏᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠᴀᴘᴏᴜʀꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ ʟɪQᴜɪᴅꜱ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴠᴀᴘᴏᴜʀꜱ ꜰᴏ ʜɪɢʜ ʙᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ʟɪQᴜɪᴅ ɢᴇᴛꜱ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴꜱᴇᴅ ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇʀ (ᴀᴛ ʟᴏᴡᴇʀ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ). ᴛʜᴇ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ (ʟᴀᴛᴇɴᴛ ʜᴇᴀᴛ) ʀᴇʟᴇᴀꜱᴇᴅ ʜᴇʟᴘꜱ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴠᴀᴘᴏᴜʀꜱ ᴏꜰ ʟᴏᴡ ʙᴏʟɪɴɢ

ʟɪQᴜɪᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ʜᴇɪɢʜᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴄᴏʟᴜᴍɴ.

☆ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴅᴠᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴇꜱ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀꜱ ɢɪᴠᴇɴ ʙᴇʟᴏᴡ ...

(ɪ) ᴛʜɪꜱ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅ ᴄᴀɴ ꜱᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪQᴜɪᴅꜱ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ʙᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ ᴅɪꜰꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ ᴏʀ ʟᴇꜱꜱ ᴛʜᴀɴ 25 ᴋ.

(ɪɪ) ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱꜱ, ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴇᴠᴀᴘᴏʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴅᴇɴꜱᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴀᴋᴇ ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇ ꜱɪᴍᴜʟᴛᴀɴᴇᴏᴜꜱʟʏ.

(ɪɪɪ) ᴀ ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇ (ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴘᴇᴛʀᴏʟᴇᴜᴍ) ᴄᴀɴ ᴀʟꜱᴏ ʙᴇ ꜱᴇᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ꜰʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴅɪꜱᴛɪʟʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇꜱꜱ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴꜱ ꜱᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛꜱ.

Answer 2

Fractionating Column is an important part of the distillation apparatus which makes it more efficient and provides an advantage over a simple distillation process.

Importance of the Fractionating Column:

• It helps to separate the various components of a solution on the basis of the volatility of each component.

• It is this part which helps to distillate between liquids with difference in boiling point less than 25 Kelvin.

• Due to absence of this column in Simple Distillation Apparatus , only those liquids can be separated whose boiling points are well separated by more than 25 Kelvin.

• The Fractionating Column contains beads , helping the more volatile liquid to go upward , while the low volatile component stays in the beaker.

Hope It Helps.