From a group with five students in your class and collect eye diseases and its characteristics by talking with ophthalmic assistant.
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disease of the nerve fiber layer of the eye. The nerve fibers fan out over the back of the eye (retina) and travel to the brain through the optic nerve. Damage to nerve fibers results in blind spots in the visual field. Early damage is not detected by the patient, but can be detected by special tests done at the ophthalmologist’s office. Early detection is important in order to stop or slow down damage. Untreated glaucoma can result in blindness.
retina detachment
If the retina pulls away from the normal position at the back of the eye, the retina is said to be detached. The retina does not function when detached, so this is a serious condition that can result in blindness. A retinal detachment usually results from fluid passing through a retinal tear and lifting the retina off
cataract
A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye. The lens of the eye and the cornea, which is the “window” of the eye, serve to focus light on the retina, which is similar to the film in a camera. The lens is normally clear, to allow light to pass through. If the lens becomes cloudy, then the quality of vision is affected.
The drawing on the left/below shows the anatomical position of the lens. The image on the right is a view of a cataract through a dilated pupil.
macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is deterioration of the cells and structure of the macula. This deterioration causes a loss of sharp detail in the center of the field of vision. Vision loss can be in the form of blurriness, distortion, or a complete blackout of central vision, depending upon the severity of the deterioration. Macular degeneration does not result in total blindness. Even in the most advanced stages of macular degeneration, the eye still has peripheral vision, allowing patients to navigate and care for themselves. The patient with advanced macular degeneration in both eyes typically cannot read, has difficulty recognizing faces, and may not be able to see the picture on the TV set. The image below shows a scar from macular degeneration in the center of the macula.
Glaucoma is a disease of the nerve fiber layer of the eye. The nerve fibers fan out over the back of the eye (retina) and travel to the brain through the optic nerve. Damage to nerve fibers results in blind spots in the visual field. Early damage is not detected by the patient, but can be detected by special tests done at the ophthalmologist’s office. Early detection is important in order to stop or slow down damage. Untreated glaucoma can result in blindness.
retina detachment
If the retina pulls away from the normal position at the back of the eye, the retina is said to be detached. The retina does not function when detached, so this is a serious condition that can result in blindness. A retinal detachment usually results from fluid passing through a retinal tear and lifting the retina off
cataract
A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye. The lens of the eye and the cornea, which is the “window” of the eye, serve to focus light on the retina, which is similar to the film in a camera. The lens is normally clear, to allow light to pass through. If the lens becomes cloudy, then the quality of vision is affected.
The drawing on the left/below shows the anatomical position of the lens. The image on the right is a view of a cataract through a dilated pupil.
macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is deterioration of the cells and structure of the macula. This deterioration causes a loss of sharp detail in the center of the field of vision. Vision loss can be in the form of blurriness, distortion, or a complete blackout of central vision, depending upon the severity of the deterioration. Macular degeneration does not result in total blindness. Even in the most advanced stages of macular degeneration, the eye still has peripheral vision, allowing patients to navigate and care for themselves. The patient with advanced macular degeneration in both eyes typically cannot read, has difficulty recognizing faces, and may not be able to see the picture on the TV set. The image below shows a scar from macular degeneration in the center of the macula.
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a) Ophthalmoplegia- condition when the muscles of eyes of a person becomes weak or non-functional. It can affect as many as 6 muscles that hold the eye in its place. People that get affected with this have blurred vision, difficulty in moving eyes in different directions.
b) Cataract- it is the disease when the normal eye lens becomes cloudy. It occurs generally in old age due to ageing and results in decrease in vision. Cataract is a degenerative, age related eye disorder.
c) Glaucoma- It occurs when the eye produces more fluid than it drains thus causing a rise in the intraocular pressure. Enlarged eyeballs, lacrimation photophobia are few of the symptoms of the condition.
d) Conjunctivitis- the condition arises when the conjunctiva of the eye is exposed to irritants, bacteria etc. it results in swelling, burning, itching and redness of the eye. The treatment involves eye drops, ointments etc. to eliminate the infection.
e) Endophthalmitis- the condition is associated with inflammation of intraocular cavities- vitreous and aqueous humor. The condition usually arises upon infection. The treatment involves intravitreal injections, antibiotics and antifungals.
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