Question

From the concentrations of C,H,Cl (butyl chloride) at different times given
below, calculate the average rate of the reaction:
C,H,Cl + H2O → C,H,OH + HCl
during different intervals of time.
t/s 0 50 100 150 200 300 400 700 800
[C,H,Cl]/mol L 0.100 0.0905 0.0820 0.0741 0.0671 0.0549 0.0439 0.0210 0.017​

Answer 1

Answer:

It is clear that the average rate falls form 1.90×10−4molL−1s−11.90×10-4molL-1s-1 to 0.4×10−4molL−1s−10.4×10-4molL-1s-1.

However, the average rate cannot be used to predict the rate of a reaction at a particular instant as it would br constant for the time interval for which it is calculated.

So to express the rate at a particular moment of time, the instantaneous rate is determine. It is obtained when we conisder the average rate at the smallest time interval say dtdt (i.e., when ΔtΔt approaches zero).

Hence, mathematically, for an infinitesmally small dtdt, instantaneous rate is given by:

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