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Answers
The origins of the caste system in India and Nepal are shrouded, but it seems to have originated more than two thousand years ago. Under this system, which is associated with Hinduism, people were categorized by their occupations.
Although originally caste depended upon a person's work, it soon became hereditary. Each person was born into a unalterable social status.
The four primary castes are Brahmin, the priests; Kshatriya, warriors and nobility; Vaisya, farmers, traders and artisans; and Shudra, tenant farmers, and servants. Some people were born outside of (and below) the caste system. They were called "untouchables."
Theology Behind the Castes
Reincarnation—a soul being reborn into a new material form after each life—is one of the central beliefs in Hinduism. Souls could move not only among different levels of human society but also into other animals, hence the vegetarianism of many Hindus.
Within a life cycle, people had little social mobility. They had to strive for virtue during their present lives in order to attain a higher station the next time around. A particular soul's new form depends upon the virtuousness of its previous behavior. Thus, a truly virtuous person from the Shudra caste could be rewarded with rebirth as a Brahmin in his or her next life.