Question

function of peroxisomes give answer in up to 5 or 6 points

Answer 1

Peroxisomes absorb nutrients that the cell has acquired. They are very well known for digesting fatty acids. They also play a part in the way organisms digest alcohol (ethanol). Because they do that job, you would expect liver cells to have moreperoxisomes than most other cells in a human body.

Answer 2

Functions of Peroxiome

The liver is responsible for many vital functions in the normal anatomical functioning of the human body including blood detoxification, protein synthesis and producing chemicals necessary for digestion. Peroxisomes are vital to the healthy function of the liver. These teeny tiny vesicles are found surrounding liver cells and contain enzymes responsible for many metabolic reactions including energy metabolization and holding the digestive enzymes necessary for breaking down toxic matter in the cell.

Structure of Peroxiomes



Peroxisomes are enclosed in a single membrane and are 0.5 micrometer in diameter. In some mammalian tissues, peroxisomes form an extensive network. Often compared to lysosomes, peroxisomes differ in that they hold antioxidative enzymes. Peroxisomes contain more than 50 enzymes and self-replicate by enlarging and then dividing. They contain H2O2producing enzymes like oxidases and catalases as well as oxidative enzymes like peroxidase, Catalase, glycolic acid oxidase and some other enzymes. Proteins are selectively imported into peroxidases. Peroxisomes contain no DNA or ribosomes and have no means of producing proteins. Instead, all of these proteins are imported across the membranes.

Functions of Peroxiomes

Peroxisomes are involved in the formation and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the word peroxisome is actually derived from hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisome contains oxidative enzymes, such as catalase, D-amino acid oxidase and uric acid oxidase. They use molecular oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from a specific organic substrate (R) in an oxidative reaction. It produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 is a toxic byproduct of cellular metabolism).

RH2 + O2 ==>> R + H2O2

Catalases uses this H2O2 in the peroxisome to oxidize other substrates like phenols, formic acid, formaldehyde, and alcohol:

H2O2 + R'H2 ==>> R' + 2H2O

This reaction is important in liver and kidney cells where the peroxisomes detoxify various toxic substances that enter the blood. In addition, when excess H2O2 accumulates in the cell, catalase converts it to H2O through this reaction:

2H2O2 ==>> 2H2O + O2

Peroxisomes are important for lipids metabolism. In humans, oxidation of fatty acids greater than 18 carbons in length occurs in peroxisomes. In yeast, all fatty acid oxidation occurs in peroxisomes. A major function of peroxisomes is the breakdown of fatty acid molecules in a process called beta-oxidation. In this process, the fatty acids are broken down into Acetyl-CoA. It is then transported to back to the cytosol for further use.

Peroxisomes contain the first two enzymes required for the synthesis of plasmalogens (myelin sheath).

Peroxisomes also play important roles in cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, purine and polyamine catabolism, and prostaglandin metabolism.

In plants, peroxisomes are required for photorespiration.