General methods of isolation of alkaloids
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General Methods of Extraction and Isolation of Alkaloids The general methods of extraction and isolation of the alkaloids from the plant sources one hasto take into consideration the following steps in a sequential manner, namely:(i) Separation of the alkaloid(s) from the main bulk of the non-alkaloidal substances,(ii) Most of the alkaloid-containing plants, several alkaloids having closely related chemicalstructures are normally present, such as: the cinchona alkaloids consist of more than twentyfivealkaloids. There is hardly any known plant source that contains only one alkaloid exclusively,(iii) Separation of each individual alkaloid from the mixture of alkaloids obtained from aparticular plant source (e.g., cinchona bark) using latest separation techniques, for instance,preparative high-performances liquid chromatography, (HPLC) column chromatography, by the helpof chromatotron, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC).Nevertheless, the general methods of isolation of alkaloids largely depend upon several vitalfactors, for instance: (a) the alkaline nature of most alkaloids, (b) the ability and ease of formationof alkaloidal salts with acids, and (c) the relative solubilities of the resulting alkaloidal salts either inpolar organic solvents e.g., ethanol, chloroform, isopropanol etc., or in aqueous medium.