GEOGRAPHY
CLASS 8
CHAPTER -2
"LAND , SOIL , WATER , NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
Q.4 Why is distribution of population uneven in different parts of the world?(3)
Q.5 How can we avoid landslides?(3)
Q.6 Enumerate the ways to conserve soil. (5)
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Answers
Answer:
4) The distribution of population in the world is uneven. Some areas are very crowded while some are sparsely populated. There are various reasons behind uneven distribution:
Geographical factors: Favorable topography, availability of mineral and freshwater resources, favorable climate and soil fertility are some of the reasons affecting population distribution. Indo-Gangetic Plains, Diamond Mines of South Africa, etc, are densely populated.
Economic factors: Places having more industries, transportation and communication facilities provide better employment opportunities. People are attracted to these places because of these reasons, e.g., Mumbai, Osaka etc.
5) Improving surface and subsurface drainage: Because water is a main factor in landslides, improving surface and subsurface drainage at the site can increase the stability of a landslide-prone slope. Surface water should be diverted away from the landslide-prone region by channeling water in a lined drainage ditch or sewer pipe to the base of the slope. The water should be diverted in such a way as to avoid triggering a landslide adjacent to the site. Surface water should not be allowed to pond on the landslide-prone slope.
Ground water can be drained from the soil using trenches filled with gravel and perforated pipes or pumped water wells. Swimming pools, water lines, and sewers should be maintained to prevent leakage, and the watering of lawns and vegetation should be kept to a minimum. Clayey soils and shales have low hydraulic conductivity and can be difficult to drain.
6) Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the top most layer of the soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.
Slash-and-burn and other unsustainable methods of subsistence farming are practiced in some lesser developed areas. A sequel to the deforestation is typically large scale erosion, loss of soil nutrients and sometimes total desertification. Techniques for improved soil conservation include crop rotation, cover crops, conservation tillage and planted windbreaks, affect both erosion and fertility. When plants die, they decay and become part of the soil. Code 330 defines standard methods recommended by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Farmers have practiced soil conservation for millennia.
Explanation:
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Important Concepts Links
- Land Resources and Its Importance
- Classification of Land
- Land Degradation and Conservation
- Soil as an Important Resource
- Soil Erosion and Conservation
- Alluvial Soil
- Black Soil
- Red and Yellow Soil
- Laterite Soil
- Desert and Mountain Soil