Question

Geological time scale petrology definition and scope

Answer 1

Definition, scope and importance of geology: Geology from the Greek geo (Earth) and logos (discourse) is that branch of physical sciences which deals with the study of the earth, including the materials that it is made of, the physical and chemical changes that occur on its surface and in its interior, and the history of the planet and its life forms. It also studies the ocean floor, and the interior of the earth. Geologists investigate the composition of earth materials and various geological processes to locate and exploit its mineral resources. They investigate geological phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanoes and attempt to predict and minimize their damaging effects. Geology, or geoscience, is the study of the Earth. Not only do geologists address academic demands such as the formation and composition of our planet, the causes of earthquakes and ice ages, and the evolution of life, but they also address practical problems such as how to keep pollution out of groundwater, how to find oil and minerals, and how to avoid landslides. The complex science of geology is not a mere study of earth superficially, but it includes an inestimable amount of science which is involved in it from the present day climate change to even before the formation of the solar system as it contemplates on the origin of universe and solar system and has gained a great success in finding their original cause of formation along with the reason of the formation of the earth on the one hand and on the other hand has provided a significant evidence of the present day climate change, environmental degradation, air and water pollution as not being only an anthropogenic affair but beyond that . This subject accumulates events that the Earth has witnessed for more than 4.5 billion years, like the formation of the mineral resources (the back bone of modern society), the origin and evolution of the life, the evolution of atmosphere, and causes of disappearance of so many great organisms from the earth as a function of the varying environment. This time-span of million years and associated events and their causes and consequences are preserved on the earth as the pages in a book. The fascination of geology attracts many to careers in this science. Tens of thousands of geologists work for oil, mining, water, engineering, and environmental companies, while a smaller number work in universities, government geological surveys, and research laboratories. Recent developments in geology have further broadened its expanses into medical and health sciences with a new emerging field of medical geology growing very fast. There are countless fields where geological knowledge is a prerequisite to achieve a technologically sound society.

Answer 2

The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that classifies geological strata (stratigraphy) in time. It is used by geologists, paleontologists, and other Earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history.

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