Give a berif description of tissue culture?
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Answer:
Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. ... The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows.
Explanation:
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The production of new plants from a small piece of plant tissue or cells removed from the growing tips of a plant in a suitable growth medium is called tissue culture or culture solution. In this process the growth medium or culture solution is very important as, it is used for growing plant tissue because it contains various plant nutrients in the form of ‘jelly’ known as agar and plant hormones which are necessary for the growth of plant.
The process of tissue culture for producing new plants is as follows:
1. A small piece of plant tissue is taken from the growing point of the plant or from the tip of the plant and placed on a sterile jelly which contains nutrients and plant hormones. The hormones make the cells in the plant tissue divide rapidly producing many cells which forms a shapeless lump of mass called ‘callus’.
2. The callus is then transferred to another jelly containing suitable plant hormones which stimulate the callus to develop roots.
3. The callus with developed roots is then put on a yet another jelly containing different hormones which stimulate the development of shoots.
4. The callus having roots and shoots separates into tiny plantlets. In this way, many tiny plantlets are produced from just a few original plant cells or tissue.
5. The plantlets thus produced are transplanted into pots or soil where they can grow to form mature plants.
What is the offspring of a seed and a clone?
We know that seeds are produced due to sexual reproduction of plants and each seed has its own genetic material which is unique from other seeds and also from the parent plant. Generally, tissue culture plants are micro propagated cuttings or clones, genetically identical to the mother and all the daughter plants.