Question

Give a brief description on The making of nationalism in Europe?

Answer 1

$\huge \fcolorbox{black}{aqua}{The \:Making \:of \:Nationalism \:in \: Europe.}$

Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons, in mid-18th century whose rulers had their autonomous territories. They did not share a collective identity or a common culture.

Some important factors led to the rise of nationalism in Europe. These are:-

☞ The rise of new middle class.

☞ The spread of the ideology of liberalism.

☞ The new spirit of conservatism and the Treaty of Vienna.

☞ The rise of Revolutionaries.

$\huge \fcolorbox{black}{aqua}{The \:Aristocracy \:and \:The \: New \: Middle \: Class.}$

Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class in the continent. They owned estates and property both in countryside and town houses. In Western and Central paats of Europe, there was an emergence of commercial classes whose existence was based on production for the market. Due to industrialisation, the new social groups – a working class population and middle classes made up of industrialists, businessmen, professionals came into being. It was among the educated liberal middle classes, the idea of national unity gained popularity.

New Definition of Nation State given by Ernest Renan

According to Ernest Renan, "A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion". A nation is large scale solidarity, its existence is a daily Plebiscite.

Answer 2

Answer:

The rise of nationalism in Europe initiated with the Spring of Nations in 1848. According to Leon- Baradat, nationalism calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state – a nation-state – to support those interests. Nationalism was the ideological impetus that, in a few decades, transformed Europe. Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self-determination and newly formed national governments.[1] Some countries, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common "national identity". Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.

Hope it Helps You ✌️✌️