Question

Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds . asap

Answer 1

Saturated hydrocarbons : in saturated hydrocarbons all Carbon atoms are bonded to other carbon atoms through carbon - carbon single bonds.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons :In unsaturated hydrocarbons their exists carbon = carbon double bond or carbon =- carbon triple Bond.
CHEMICAL TEST to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds :
1.BY BAEYER'S REAGENT : An alkaline solution of KMnO4 is known as Baeyer's reagent .
Take a small amount of saturated and unsaturated compounds in two different test tubes. A drop of Alkaline solution of KMnO4 is added to both the test tubes. The pink colour of Alkaline KMnO4 solution gets discharged in the test tube containing unsaturated compounds, while the pink colour of Alkaline KMnO4 solution does not get decolorize (no change) in the test tube containing saturated compounds.
2. BY BROMINE WATER : The colour of bromine water is brown.•With bromine water saturated compounds do not decolourise bromine water.•With bromine water unsaturated compounds decolourises the bromine water.
HOPE THIS WILL HELP YOU...

Answer 2

Difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons are as follows:
Saturated
1. In this type, the carbon atoms are connected by a single covalent bond1.
.2.These single bonded compounds are called as Alkene, with a general formula CnH2n+2 where,n= 1,2,3...2.

3.These are less reactive as they are attached with strong ∂ sigma bonds which are not broken easily.
.4. They dont undergo hydrogenation.
5.They involve substitution reactions
Ex. 
CH4 + Cl2 - --> CH3Cl + HCl
CH3Cl + Cl2 -->CH2Cl2 +HCl
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 --> CHCl3  + HCl
 
6.For example Methane CH4


Unsaturated:

1.In this type, the carbon atoms are connected by multiple bonds like double (=) or  triple  (≡) bonds.
2. These double bonded compounds are called Alkene with a general formula CnH2n and the triple bonded compounds are called Alkynes with a general formula CnH2n-2
.3. these are more reactive as they contain one or two pi-bonds which are easily broken so these compound are not very stable as alkanes
.4. They can be hydrogenated by passing Hydrogen gas as they have less hydrogen than saturated
 
5. They undergo addition reaction as
CH2=CH2 +H2 -->CH3-CH3
 
6.
For example: Ethene CH2=CH2