give a note for enzymes
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Table of Contents hide
Enzymes- Properties, Classification and Significance
Properties of Enzymes
Coenzymes and prosthetic groups
Holo enzymes and Apo enzymes
Isoenzymes
Active site of Enzymes
Substrate Specificity of Enzymes
Mechanism of Action of Enzymes
The Substrate-Enzyme Binding
Nomenclature of Enzymes
Classification of Enzymes
Significance of Enzymes
References
Enzymes- Properties, Classification and Significance
Enzymes- Properties, Classification and Significance
Enzymes are the biological macromolecules which speed up the rate of biochemical reactions without undergoing any change. They are also called as biological catalysts.
An enzyme is a highly selective catalyst that greatly accelerates both the rate and specificity of metabolic reactions.
Answer:
Enzymes can be defined as biological polymers that catalyze biochemical reactions.” Enzymes are basically proteins that are produced by living organisms to bring about certain metabolic and biochemical reactions in the body. They are biological catalysts that speed up reactions inside the body. Enzymes are found in all tissues and fluids of the body. Catalysis of all reactions taking place in metabolic pathways are carried out by intracellular enzymes. The enzymes in plasma membrane govern the catalysis in the cells as a response to cellular signals and enzymes in the circulatory system regulate clotting of blood. Most of the critical life processes are established on the functions of enzymes.
Enzyme Structure
Enzymes are a linear chain of amino acids, which give rise to a three-dimensional structure. The sequence of amino acids specifies the structure, which in turn identifies the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Upon heating, enzyme’s structure denatures, resulting in a loss of enzyme activity, that typically is associated with temperature.
Compared to its substrates, enzymes are typically large with varying sizes, ranging from 62 amino acid residues to an average of 2500 residues found in fatty acid synthase. Only a small section of the structure is involved in catalysis and are situated next to the binding sites. The catalytic site and binding site together constitute the enzyme’s active site. A small number of ribozymes exist which serves as an RNA-based biological catalyst. It reacts in complex with proteins.
Enzymes Classification
Oxidoreductases : The enzyme Oxidoreductase catalyzes the oxidation reaction where the electrons tend to travel from one form of a molecule to the other.
Transferases : The Transferases enzymes help in the transportation of the functional group among acceptors and donor molecules
Hydrolases : Hydrolases are hydrolytic enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis reaction by adding water to cleave the bond and hydrolyze it.
Lyases : Adds water, carbon dioxide or ammonia across double bonds or eliminate these to create double bonds.
Isomerases : The Isomerases enzymes catalyze the structural shifts present in a molecule, thus causing the change in the shape of the molecule.
Ligases : The Ligases enzymes are known to charge the catalysis of a ligation process.