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Shah Jahan was the fifth ruler of the Mughal dynasty. During his third regnal year, his favorite wife, known as Mumtaz Mahal, died due to complications arising from the birth of their fourteenth child. Deeply saddened, the emperor started planning the construction of a suitable, permanent resting place for his beloved wife almost immediately. The result of his efforts and resources was the creation of what was called the Luminous Tomb in contemporary Mughal texts and is what the world knows today as the Taj Mahal.
Shah Jahan was the fifth ruler of the Mughal dynasty. During his third regnal year, his favorite wife, known as Mumtaz Mahal, died due to complications arising from the birth of their fourteenth child. Deeply saddened, the emperor started planning the construction of a suitable, permanent resting place for his beloved wife almost immediately. The result of his efforts and resources was the creation of what was called the Luminous Tomb in contemporary Mughal texts and is what the world knows today as the Taj Mahal.In general terms, Sunni Muslims favor a simple burial, under an open sky. But notable domed mausolea for Mughals (as well as for other Central Asian rulers) were built prior to Shah Jahan’s rule, so in this regard, the Taj is not unique. The Taj is, however, exceptional for its monumental scale, stunning gardens, lavish ornamentation, and its overt use of white marble.
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About Taj Mahal
One glance at the Taj and you know you are experiencing something surreal, other-wordly. Even after over 400 years since it was built, this breathtaking poetry in white marble is still one of the most fascinating pieces of architecture ever known to mankind. When Rudyard Kipling described the Taj Mahal as ‘the embodiment of all things pure’, he echoed the romance, the beauty and the glory of this masterpiece that shone brilliant on full moon nights, and threw up an evocative reflection in the still waters of Yamuna when the sun was high. For Rabindranath Tagore, Taj was ‘a teardrop on the cheek of eternity’, and like Tagore millions of tourists even today find a reason to visit the Taj Mahal each year, and stand in awe before its eternal beauty.
History of Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal was built by Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan, in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal who died in 1631 while giving birth to their 14th child. Mumtaz, Shah Jahan’s third wife, was known for her exceptional beauty, and the emperor was known to be mad about her. Crestfallen by her sudden death, the emperor, it is believed, turned grey-haired in just one night. Work on the Taj began in 1632, but it wasn’t until 1653 that the whole monument came together in its current form. But as fate would have it, soon after the Taj was built Shah Jahan was overthrown by his son Aurangazeb who held him prisoner in the Agra Fort, where he spent the rest of his years yearning for the Taj. Shah Jahan after his death in 1666 was buried beside his beloved Mumtaz in the Taj Mahal.
A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983 for being the “jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage”, an army of 20,000 artisans from across India, Central Asia and Europe were employed to work on the Taj.
Taj Mahal Architecture
The Taj Complex
The ornamental gardens designed on the lines of the typical Mughal Charbagh, is a square garden dissected by water bodies with an ornamental marble plinth running through its center. To the northern end of the complex is the elevated marble platform on which the main mausoleum stands. The raised podium is to lift it above the other structures on the complex, as if reaching out to the very skies. A 40-metre-high white minaret adorns each corner of the marble platform, and call it an engineering masterstroke, the towers each slightly lean outwards. This was so that they fall away in case of an earthquake and let the superstructure remain unperturbed.
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