Question

Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.
(class 10 CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2017-18 SCIENCE)

Answer 1

SOLUTION:

1.Unsaturated compounds are oxidized by alkaline potassium permanganate with the disappearance of its pink colour therefore when cooking oil and saturated compound is treated with a few drops of Alkaline KMnO4 solution the pink colour of  KMnO4 disappears . However with butter which contain saturated compound the pink colour of KMnO4 does not disappear.

2. We can also distinguish chemically between a cooking oil and a butter by the bromine water test.

Cooking oil decolourises bromine water showing that it is an unsaturated compound.

Butter does not decolourises bromine water showing that it is a saturated compound.

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Answer 2

Butter contains saturated fats. Therefore, it cannot be hydrogenated. On the other hand, oil has unsaturated fats. That is why it can be hydrogenated to saturated fats (solids).

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