Give an account of the "formed elements" of blood.
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Formed Elements In The Blood
Human blood is made of different type of cells suspended in a solution called plasma. 55% of blood volume is plasma and 45% comprises of cells and solid constituents. These cells are also called corpuscles or formed elements. Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow of the long bones and in the lymph nodes.
The formed elements of the blood comprises of three components:
1. Erythrocytes (also called red blood cells or RBCs)
2. Leukocytes (also called white blood cells or WBCs)
3. Thrombocytes (also called platelets)
Blood count
Erythrocytes
• Males contain 4.5 to 6 million red blood cells per ml of their blood.
• Females contain 4 to 5.5 million red blood cells per ml of their blood.
Leukocytes
• Human blood contains 4 to 11 thousand white blood cells per ml of blood.
Thrombocytes
• Human blood contains 200 to 500 thousand platelets in one ml of their blood.
Functions
Red blood cells are the most common blood cells and aid in transporting oxygen to the tissues for respiration, and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for expulsion. RBCs are able to do this by binding oxygen to iron-containing compounds called hemoglobin, which is responsible for their red color. RBCs lack nucleus and most organelles. They live for only 100–120 days, and therefore, need to be produced constantly. As per one estimate, a human being makes 2.4 million erythrocytes every second, through a process known as erythropoiesis.
White blood cells protect the body against infectious. They are found throughout the blood and lymphatic system. They are of five different types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Monocytes and neutrophils are phagocytic, while lymphocytes, (B cells, T cells, and NK cells) have other immune related functions.
Platelets function to stop bleeding by creating blood clots through a process called thrombogenesis. They do so by adhesion, activation, and aggregation in response to vascular injuries. They bind to special receptors at the site of injury, get activated, and aggregate to form clumps that plug the injury.
Human blood is made of different type of cells suspended in a solution called plasma. 55% of blood volume is plasma and 45% comprises of cells and solid constituents. These cells are also called corpuscles or formed elements. Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow of the long bones and in the lymph nodes.
The formed elements of the blood comprises of three components:
1. Erythrocytes (also called red blood cells or RBCs)
2. Leukocytes (also called white blood cells or WBCs)
3. Thrombocytes (also called platelets)
Blood count
Erythrocytes
• Males contain 4.5 to 6 million red blood cells per ml of their blood.
• Females contain 4 to 5.5 million red blood cells per ml of their blood.
Leukocytes
• Human blood contains 4 to 11 thousand white blood cells per ml of blood.
Thrombocytes
• Human blood contains 200 to 500 thousand platelets in one ml of their blood.
Functions
Red blood cells are the most common blood cells and aid in transporting oxygen to the tissues for respiration, and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for expulsion. RBCs are able to do this by binding oxygen to iron-containing compounds called hemoglobin, which is responsible for their red color. RBCs lack nucleus and most organelles. They live for only 100–120 days, and therefore, need to be produced constantly. As per one estimate, a human being makes 2.4 million erythrocytes every second, through a process known as erythropoiesis.
White blood cells protect the body against infectious. They are found throughout the blood and lymphatic system. They are of five different types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Monocytes and neutrophils are phagocytic, while lymphocytes, (B cells, T cells, and NK cells) have other immune related functions.
Platelets function to stop bleeding by creating blood clots through a process called thrombogenesis. They do so by adhesion, activation, and aggregation in response to vascular injuries. They bind to special receptors at the site of injury, get activated, and aggregate to form clumps that plug the injury.
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