give an outline of the distribution of continent and oceans of the world.
Answers
The symmetry of the coastlines on either side of the ocean. No wonder,manyscientists thought of this
similarity and considered the possibility of the
two Americas, Europe and Africa, to be once
joined together. From the known records of the
history of science, it was Abraham Ortelius, a
Dutch map maker, who first proposed such a
possibility as early as 1596. Antonio Pellegrini
drew a map showing the three continents together.
However, it was Alfred Wegener—a German
meteorologist who put forth a comprehensive
argument in the form of “the continental drift
DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS
AND CONTINENTS
CHAPTER
theory” in 1912. This was regarding the
distribution of the oceans and the continents.
According to Wegener, all the continents
formed a single continental mass and mega
ocean surrounded the same. The super
continent was named PANGAEA, which meant
all earth. The mega-ocean was called
PANTHALASSA, meaning all water. He argued
that, around 200 million years ago, the super
continent, Pangaea, began to split. Pangaea first
broke into two large continental masses as
Laurasia and Gondwanaland forming the
northern and southern components
respectively. Subse-quently, Laurasia and
Gondwanaland continued to break into various
smaller continents that exist today. A variety of
evidence was offered in support of the
continental drift. Some of these are given below.
Evidence in Support of the Continental Drift
The Matching of Continents (Jig-Saw-Fit)
The shorelines of Africa and South America
facing each other have a remarkable and
unmistakable match. It may be noted that a
map produced using a computer programme
to find the best fit of the Atlantic margin was
presented by Bullard in 1964. It proved to be
quite perfect. The match was tried at 1,000-
fathom line instead of the present shoreline.
Rocks of Same Age Across the Oceans
The radiometric dating methods developed in
the recent period have facilitated correlating the
rock formation from different continents across
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