Question

Give any two limitations of dalton's atomic theory

Answer 1

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(i)It was proved that an atom is not indivisible. As an atom can be subdivided into electrons, protons and neutrons. But remember that atom is the tiniest particle that takes part in a chemical reaction.

ii)According to Dalton Atomic Theory, atoms of an element are identical in mass, size and many other chemical or physical properties. But, practically we observe that atoms of several elements differ in their densities and masses. These atoms with the different masses are known as isotopes. For example, Chlorine (Cl) has 2 isotopes with the mass numbers of 35 and 37.

iii)Also, according to Dalton Atomic Theory, atoms of two-different elements differ in mass, size and many other chemical or physical properties. However, this is not correct for all situations. For example, Argon (Ar) and Calcium (Ca) atoms, each have an atomic mass of 40 amu. These atoms with similar atomic masses are isobars.

iv)According to Dalton Atomic Theory, when atoms of different elements (atoms of two or more elements) combine in simple whole number ratios, we get chemical compounds. But this is not true in case of complex organic compounds.

v)Dalton Atomic Theory fails to explain the existence of allotropes. This implies that the Dalton atomic theory fails to explain the differences in properties of charcoal, graphite, and diamond (allotropes of carbon).

Dalton’s Atomic Theory also suggested that an atom is the smallest part of an atom that can take part in a chemical reaction. Some postulates of this theory remain valid even in today’s modern chemical thoughts. The atomic structure model proposed by indeed proves to be a significant, stepping stone in chemistry. It forms the base for modern atomic theories and quantum mechanics.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Limitations of Dalton's Atomic Theory:

1) Atom consists of particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons but Dalton says atoms are indivisible and they can neither be created nor be destroyed.

2)Discovery of isotopes revealed that the atoms of the same element possess different weights.