Give any two ways in which normal flora is useful to the bost
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These normal flora provide us with many benefits, which include:
1) They prevent colonization by pathogens by competing for attachment & nutrients.
2) Some synthesize vitamins that are absorbed as nutrients by the host (e.g. K & B12).
3) Some produce substances that inhibit pathogenic species.
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The normal flora prevent colonization by pathogens by competing for attachment sites or for essential nutrients. This is thought to be their most important beneficial effect, which has been demonstrated in the oral cavity, the intestine, the skin, and the vaginal epithelium.
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