Question

Give brief account of replication of bacteriophages.

Answer 1

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There are two cycles of viral reproduction Lytic cycle - where the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane occurs and the viral DNA exists and  replicates as a separate entity from the bacterial DNA inside the bacterial cellLysogenic cycle - The viral DNA integrates with the bacterial DNA and reproduces.

OR

A typical bacteriophage (abbreviated as 'phage' meaning 'eaters of bacteria') consists of a head with protein sheath containing DNA and a tail with tail fibres (Fig. 12.17). A bacterium that has been infected by phage will undergo lysis (breaks open) within about 30 minutes and will release about 100 phage particles complete in all respects (Fig. 12.18). After infection, phage DNA forces the host to work for the parasite, so that complete host machinery is utilized for replication of phage particle. The infected cell thus creates new protein subunits for the phage head and tail and also makes additional DNA segments identical to DNA of the invading phage particle. In other words we can say that the phage orders the host's genetic material to stop functioning and establishes itself in power, controlling entire cell's protein metabolism. We can also describe the phage growth as a molecular cancer, since it keeps on multiplying till the host cell undergoes lysis.

Answer 2

Replication of bacteriophages occurs in two phases :

Lysogenic phase is the phase in which bacteriophage attacks the bacterial cell and insert its DNA into the The Host bacterial cell.

After entering the bacterial cell the bacteria phase nuclic acid takes control over the host cell and by using the cellular material of bacteria phase it synthesizers the protein coat and nucleic acid.

After the complete synthesis of protein coat tails and nuclear material assembling of complete bacteriophage occurs inside the host cell.

Lytic face:

This phase occurs after the 30 minutes of invasion of bacteria phage on the host cell.

In this phase the bacterial cell gets broken up and nearly hundred bacteriophages are released out into the atmosphere at a time.