Question

Give composition of digestive juices and their role in digestion.

Answer 1

The following pathway summarises how starch present in a food is broken down chemically into glucose, which can then be absorbed through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream for transport to the liver and from there to other parts of the body.

In the saliva, the enzyme salivary amylase is contained.
It converts the starch into maltose
This enzyme partially breaks the amount of starch in the food consumed.

In the stomach, the gastric juices are released.
These gastric juices include pepsinogen which gets activated by the hydrochloric acid. The pepsinogen turns into pepsin. The hydrochloric acid helps in killing the bacteria which have entered the body through ingestion. The pepsin partially converts the proteins into amino acids.

The liver produces bile which contains bile salts, helps in emulsifying the fat molecules that is to convert the fat globules into fat droplets.

In the intestine, the pancreatic juices are poured out by the pancreas. The pancreatic juice contains three enzymes : Trypsin, Lipase, Amylase.

Trypsin converts the proteins into peptides and amino acids.
Lipase converts the day which has been emulsified by the bile into fatty acids and glycerol.
Amylase converts starch into maltose.

In the intestines, the intestinal fluids are released, which include Peptidases, Sucrase, Lactase and Maltase.

Peptidases convert the peptides into amino acids.
Sucrase converts the sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Lactase converts the lactose into glucose and galactose.
Maltase converts the maltose into glucose.

Answer 2

Digestive Juices: Composition and Function

Explanation:

• The digestion process requires the role of five digestive juices namely saliva, gastric juice, bile juice, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice.  

Saliva or Salivary juice:

• The site of secretion is the salivary gland.
• It is composed of digestive enzymes called salivary amylase and water.
• It lubricates the food and digests the starch into maltose.

Gastric Juice:

• The site of secretion in gastric glands.
• It is composed of hydrochloric acid, mucus and enzyme called pepsinogen.
• It is involved in maintaining the pH of the stomach and protein digestion and acts as lubricants.

Bile Juice:

• It is secreted by the liver and reaches the digestive tract through gall bladder.
• It is composed of chemicals that are required for fat emulsification.

Pancreatic juice:

• The site of secretion is a pancreas.
• It is composed of enzymes, mucus, and bicarbonates.
• It is involved in the protein digestion process and maintains neutralization by reducing the acidity.

Intestinal juice:

• It is secreted by the lining of intestines.
• It has high water content and very fewer enzymes.
• It provides water in which most of the chemical reactions required for absorption occurs.

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