Give details of the harmful microbes, their effects, means of spread, and preventive measures
Answers
Answer:
Harmful Microorganisms :
can spoil our food, leather, clothing etc.
Explanation
Microbes can be grouped into five major types: Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, and ProtistsDismiss
Microbes are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
Let’s look at each one in more detail.
1 VIRUSES
VIRUSES are the smallest of all the microbes. Their genome is made of either DNA or RNA (not both), and this is packaged inside a protein shell called a capsid. Viruses are usually only able to infect a limited number of species living organism. For example Bacteriophase viruses
2 BACTERIA
Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes (“pro” = before, “karyote” = nucleus). They are single cells (unicellular) with a circular DNA genome that floats around in the cytoplasm. Many prokaryotes have one or more smaller circles of DNA called plasmids that carry additional genes.
3 PROTISTS
The protists are a very varied group consisting of all the eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants or animals. Most are unicellular and include plant-like algae, animal-like protozoa and fungi-like slime molds. Plasmodium
4 Fungi
Fungi exist as either single cells (yeasts) or as multicellular organisms formed of thin, branching tubular structures called hyphae. Some fungi are able to switch between these two forms (they are dimorphic) in response to environmental conditions eg temperature
5 Archaea
Archaea look similar in size and structure to bacteria but come in a wider variety of cell shapes. Many archaea live in hostile environments, some interact with other organisms, but no archaea are known to cause disease. Unlike bacteria, they do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Many archaea live in extreme environments, including Haloquadratum
EFFECTS OF MICROBES
Microbes cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles. There is also strong evidence that microbes may contribute to many non–infectious chronic diseases such as some forms of cancer and coronary heart disease. Different diseases are caused by different types of micro-organisms.
Common diseases in human beings.
DISEASE MICROORGANISM MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Typhoid Bacteria Water
Tuberculosis Bacteria Air
Polio Virus Contaminated water and air
Chickenpox Virus Contaminated air, food, water
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
1 Sanitation.
2 Biofilm Control.
3 CIP/COP.
4 Cleaners/Sanitizers.
5 Environmental Monitoring.
6 Facilities.
7 Food Prep/Handling.
8 Personal Hygiene/Handwashing