give discription of any five gastro intestinal disorders
Answers
Celiac disease: Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune disorder where the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten. Ingestion of gluten causes the immune system of the body to attack the small intestine, leading to damage to the villi of the small intestine, which are small fingerlike projections that promote nutrient absorption.
Celiac disease can start at any age and symptoms include bloating, changes in bowel habit (either diarrhea or constipation), rashes, weight loss, and a poor growth rate in children. Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is lifelong adherence to a strict gluten-free diet.
Constipation: Constipation is the term used to describe difficulty or infrequency in passing stools (feces). Not everybody has a daily bowel movement, so the passage of time between bowel motions before constipation occurs varies from person to person.
When somebody is constipated their stools are usually small, hard, dry, and difficult to pass. Other symptoms may include bloating or distention in the stomach and pain during a bowel movement. Hemorrhoids frequently occur with constipation. There are many different causes of constipation, such as dehydration, a lack of fiber in the diet, pregnancy, inactivity, or certain medications (such as antidepressants, iron supplements, or opioids). Laxatives can help relieve constipation and lifestyle changes can help prevent it from recurring.
Crohn’s Disease: Crohn’s disease is a chronic bowel disease that causes patches of inflammation in the GI tract anywhere between the mouth and the anus, although the area where the small intestine joins the large intestine is most commonly affected. The exact cause remains unknown; however, it is more common in “Westernized” countries, tends to run in families, and diet and stress may aggravate the disease.
Symptoms may include diarrhea that persists for several weeks, abdominal pain and weight loss. Around 50% of people with Crohn’s disease notice blood or mucus in their feces and some may report an urgent need to move their bowels or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. Drug treatments may include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. Surgery may also be an option.
Diarrhea: Symptoms of diarrhea include frequent, loose, watery stools (feces) which are usually accompanied by an urgent need to go to the toilet. Abdominal pain or cramping may also occur, and sometimes nausea or vomiting. Viruses are a common cause of diarrhea, particularly noroviruses which are a common cause of diarrhea and vomiting outbreaks on cruise ships. Other common causes include bacteria, such as salmonella, campylobacter, or <i>Escherichia coli</i>; giardia; certain medical conditions (such as Celiac disease or Crohn’s disease); food intolerance or medicines. Anti-diarrhea medications such as loperamide or diphenoxylate help slow down bowel movements, and electrolyte solutions are beneficial for treating dehydration, which commonly occurs with excessive diarrhea. Sometimes other medications, such as antibiotics, may also be needed.
Diverticular disease: Diverticular disease is a chronic condition in which small pockets or out-pouchings, called diverticula, occur in the bowel. Diverticula can become inflamed when undigested food gets trapped within them, causing pain and constipation, and sometimes fever, nausea, or cramping. This is called diverticulitis. Diverticular disease is common, affecting half of all people over 60. A low fiber diet is thought to be the main cause, although some people have a genetic predisposition to the disease. Many people with diverticular disease don't have symptoms, and the condition is often discovered during a colonoscopy to screen for colorectal cancer. Treatment is usually with a high-fiber diet and a mild pain reliever.