Give four methods in which aids can be transmitted
Answers
HIV is spread mostly through four body fluids:
semen.
vaginal fluid.
blood.
breast milk.
Kissing and touching. Social kissing and hugging pose no risk of transmission, Sha says. Also, being sexual with someone without exchanging infected body fluids does not spread the virus. The only time deep kissing is a risk is when the person infected with HIV has open sores or oral bleeding, Sha notes.
Sharing a living space. Any casual contact with someone who has HIV, including sharing a bathroom, is safe. However, Sha tells patients not to share razor blades or toothbrushes. If someone who is infected nicks himself while shaving or has bleeding gums, it could increase risk of transmission.
Sharing food or utensils. The virus cannot survive on surfaces, so sharing utensils and other household items will not spread HIV. You can even share a meal with someone who is infected without worry. Transmission has been associated with mothers pre-chewing food for their babies, when infected blood from the mouth mixes with the food. Known as pre-mastication, it is a common practice in Africa, but not typically done in the United States, Sha says.
Saliva, sweat, or tears. An infected person’s saliva, sweat, and tears do not put you at risk.
Helping an injured person with HIV. Wearing gloves while doing so is ideal; but even if the person’s blood comes into contact with your intact skin, you should not worry. “We don’t consider blood exposure to intact skin to be a risk,” Sha says. There needs to be a cut or abrasion to allow the virus to get past the skin layer.
Water fountains. Sipping from a water fountain after someone who has HIV used it is considered casual contact and will not lead to transmission.
Mosquitoes and other insects. The virus is not viable in insects or ticks, Sha says.
Toilet seats. HIV cannot survive on surfaces, so this is not a concern.
Modern blood transfusions. Donated blood is screened and disposed of if it tests positive for HIV. Advanced technology has made screening increasingly sensitive at identifying the virus, Sha says.