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Man and environment are inter-related. The environment influences the life of human beings and also human beings modify their environment as a result of their growth, dispersal, activities, death and decay etc. Thus all living beings including man and their environment are mutually reactive affecting each other in a number of ways and a dynamic equilibrium is possible in between the two, i.e. human beings (society) and environment are interdependent.The different social structures like industrial, agricultural, religious, aesthetic etc. have developed during various stages of human civilization and these structures represent human being’s accumulated cultural resources based on natural environment.
If the natural environment helped in the development of different structures of the society on the one hand, the existence and quality of environment now rests on the responses of these social structures to the environment on the other hand.
The burning issues like quality of environment, disruption of earth’s natural ecosystem, environmental degradation and pollution, ecological imbalances, depletion of resources etc. can be approached and solved only after considering the value judgments which may be determined by taking into account the consequences of ‘environmental improvement programme’ on the entire society and society’s response towards the improvement programme. Actually all these depend on the interest and desire of the society in improving the quality of environment.
The interaction between environment and society depends largely on the social and political system. Even the capitalistic and socialistic systems perceptions and reactions to the environment are quite different. The differential interactions are due to uneven distribution of natural resources, uneven economic and social development, dissimilarity of demographic factors, varying view points of the governments and individuals towards environment etc.
Continuous and exceedingly increasing rate of rapacious exploitation of natural resources, industrialisation, technological growth, unplanned urbanisation and profit oriented capitalism by the developed western world are responsible for grave environmental crisis and ecological imbalance not confined to their own countries but to the whole worid
The socialistic system of government gives more emphasis on the social importance of natural resources and environmental problems and the urgent need to tackle, these problems. Marxism preaches to organise society’s control over the rapacious exploitation of natural resources and to develop harmony between man and nature. The emphasis on rational exploitation of natural resources and ecological balance was in the constitution of USSR.
The changes in the relationship between man and environment depend upon the change in organisation and attitude of society. To improve environmental standard and to maintain ecological balance, the followings are some issues before the present civilized society.
Man cannot be considered in isolation from his environment. Over the world, the needs of people still differ enormously. At one time the environmental problems debated in international organizations would predominantly have been those recognized by the developed countries—the need to control pollution and the desirability of conserving samples of the ecological and genetic richness and the natural beauty of the Since the United Nations Conference of the Human Environment, however, it has been increasingly realized that environmental issues are also of vital concern to developing countries and that over much of the world the environ-mental problems are still those associated with poverty—poor housing, bad public health, malnutrition and inadequate employment.
Both the creation and the recognition of environmental problems depend closely on the way society is organised and on its values and objectives. Changes on the relationship between man and his physical environment depend to a large degree on changes in the organisation and aims of society.
Three technological advancements of man were highly detrimental to environment—especially air, land and water.
These are:
(i) Lighting of fire,
(ii) Agricultural production of food, and
We should have good relationships with the environment by conserving it helping it .
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