Question

Give me invertibrate zoology flow chart

Answer 1

Zoology is the scientific study of animals. Invertebrate zoology is therefore the scientific study of the group of animals known as invertebrates. So what are these invertebrates?

              The simple answer is that invertebrates are ‘animals without a backbone’. 

Directly translated, the term means without (in-) vertebrae (-vertebrata). But, that’s a bit vague and often leads to confusion (some students equate ‘vertebrae’ with skeleton or hard parts, don’t do that!). We’ll get more specific on this in the next few chapters.

As humans we are both naturally curious and have a tendency to put things into order, so that the world around us makes sense. In zoology, that process includes looking at the characteristics that unify organisms, grouping organisms into a classification system, and then naming the categories. This is the method of taxonomy. 

A Swedish botanist Carolus Linneaus (1707-1778) is often credited as the 'father' of modern classification as he is the one who came up with the binomial scientific naming system still used for most organismic groups today. The binomial system gives each distinct 'species' a separate first and last name: Genus species. An example would be our human scientific name, Homo sapiens. By convention, this binomial is always given with the genus capitalized, the species lower case, and the entire set either italicized OR underlined. In this way, each recognized organism has it's own unique scientific name. This uniqueness and universality across languages reduces confusion. 

A species is then grouped with others of similar characteristics into the broader category known as Family (for example, humans are in the Family Hominidae, note the use of capital letters). This continues in an ever broadening nested grouping system through Order, Class, and Phylum (for our species those are Order Primate, Class Mammalia, and Phylum Chordata). And finally, we are part of the Kingdom Animalia.

In this way, each recognized organism has it's own unique scientific name.

The characteristics used by zoologists to group species into these various nested categories come from a variety of sources. Historically, external (outside) morphology and internal(inside) anatomy were used most often, together with details about life cycle and development(i.e. steps between fertilization, through larval stages, and into patterning of the adult body). In modern times, comparison of DNA sequences (molecular genetics) as well as aspects of regulation within and between cells (physiology,cell biology, and developmental genetics) have been added to the process of classification (taxonomy). In this way, taxonomy relies on a variety of character sets to build the nested categories of classification.

Hope it helps....